Tulipa saxatilis

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Liliales

Familia: Liliaceae
Subfamilia: Lilioideae
Genus: Tulipa
Subgenus: Tulipa subg. Eriostemones
Species: Tulipa saxatilis
Name

Tulipa saxatilis Sieber ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 63 (1825).

Typus: Greece. Kriti (not "Peloponnese, Laconia" as claimed by Eker et al. 2014): Cap Maleca [= Akrotiri peninsula]. 1817, Sieber s.n. (Lectotypus, designated by Christenhusz et al. (2013): HAL-0109614, isotypes FR, H-1000682, JE, K, L, M, MO, PRC-454332–454335, etc.)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Tulipa beccariana Bicchi, Descr. Nuov. Sp. Tulip.: 2 (1860).
Tulipa chrysobasis Coustur. & Gand., Bull. Soc. Duffour 1914: 38 (1914), et in Fl. Cret.: 101 (1916) nec non in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 63: 15 (1917; "1916").
Typus: Greece. Crete, Kalamarka [Kalamavka]. 10 Jun 1914, M. Gandoger 5880 (Holotype: K 000900760)
Tulipa bakeri A.D.Hall, J. Bot. 76: 316. 1938. (accepted by Dimopoulos et al., 2018).
Typus: Crete, prov. Amari, near Asomatos, G.P. Baker, cultivated at Hillside, Oakhill Road, Kippington, Sevenoaks. 21.iv.1939 (Holotype: K: 000400294).
Tulipa saxatilis subsp. bakeri (A.D.Hall) Zonn., Pl. Syst. Evol. 281: 244 (2009).
Tulipa saxatilis var. bakeri (A.D.Hall) D.Dubovik, Fl. Belarusi 3: 61 (2017).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Europe
Northern Europe
Great Britain (Scilly Islands; introduced).
Southeastern Europe
Italy (introduced), Kriti.
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
East Aegean Islands, Turkey.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Sprengel, C. 1825. Caroli Linnaei, ... Systema vegetabilium. Ed. 16. Vol. II: Classis 6–15. 939 pp. Sumtibus Librariae Dieterichianae, Gottingae [Göttingen]. BHL Reference page: : 63.

Additional references

Christenhusz, M.J.M., Govaerts, R.H.A., David, J.C., Hall, T., , Roberts, P.S., Tuomisto, A., Buerki, S., Chase, M.W. & Fay, M.F. 2013. Tiptoe through the tulips - cultural history, molecular phylogenetics and classification of Tulipa (Liliaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 172(3): 280–328. DOI: 10.1111/boj.12061 Open access Reference page:
Eker, I. Babaç, M.T. & Koyuncu, M. 2014: Revision of the genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae) in Turkey. Phytotaxa 157(1): 1–112. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.157.1.1 Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Tulipa saxatilis in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 March 22. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Tulipa saxatilis in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 March 22. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Tulipa saxatilis. Published online. Accessed: 22 March 2020.
Dimopoulos, P., Raus, Th. & Strid, A. (eds.) 2018. Flora of Greece Web. Vascular Plants of Greece. An Annotated Checklist. 2nd version of May 2018, continuously updated. Published on the internet. Reference page.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2019. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Tulipa saxatilis.

Tulipa saxatilis (syn. Tulipa bakeri) is a Greek and Turkish species of plant in the genus Tulipa of the family Liliaceae.[1][2][3][4]

Description

Tulipa saxatilis is a perennial herbaceous plant. The stems can reach a height of up to 25 centimeters. This geophyte (cryptophyte) forms bulbs as resting buds. The egg-shaped bulbs have a rough shell, are 2 to 3.5 cm long and 1.5 to 3 cm wide. The two to three leaves are up to 38 centimeters long and 4.5 centimeters wide, and are flat, narrow and lanceolate with a clear gloss upper surface.[5]

The flowers are usually single, rarely in pairs on the stem. The perianth is bright pink, with a sharply demarcated yellow centre and the petals are pointed. The three outer petals are 38 to 53 mm long and 9 to 18 mm wide, the three inner ones being the same length, but wider. The stamens are hairy at the base, with brown to black anthers that are 4.5 to 7 millimeters long. The capsule has coarse cross veins in the upper part.[5]

The flowering period extends from March to May. There are diploid and triploid plants with 2n = 24 and 36 chromosomes.[6]
Distribution

Tulipa saxatilis is primarily a plant of the Southern Aegean islands. It is also found scattered in the limestone areas of Crete (including the islands of Gavdos and Dia), also on Karpathos and occasionally on Rhodes and the Datça peninsula in Western Turkey.[7][8] It grows at the edges of fields, scree slopes and rock faces up to 900 m. The species is also cultivated as an ornamental, and is reportedly naturalized on the Greek mainland as well as in Italy and on the Scilly Isles in the United Kingdom.[9][10]
Cultivation

A common cultivar is 'Lilac Wonder' (illustrated), often classified as a cultivar of the subspecies T. saxatilis subsp. bakeri A.D.Hall.[11] However, it is commonly considered to be derived from T. saxatilis sensu stricto.[6][12]

The cultivar 'Lilac Wonder' (T. saxailis Bakeri Group) has been given the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[13] It has pink flowers with yellow at the base inside.

Tulipa saxatilis subsp. bakeri

Closeup of flower of Tulipa saxatilis

References

Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1984). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 8: 1-632. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Eker, I., Babaç, M.T. & Koyuncu, M. (2014). Revision of the genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae) in Turkey. Phytotaxa 157: 1-112.
Altervista Flora Italiana, Tulipano sassicolo. Tulipa saxatilis Sieber ex Spreng.
Sprengel, Curt Polycarp Joachim. 1825. Systema Vegetabilium, editio decima sexta 2: 63
Karin Persson: Tulipa L. in: Arne Strid, Kit Tan (eds.): Mountain Flora of Greece. Volume Two. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1991, pp S. 667–672 ISBN 0-7486-0207-0
Annette Carlström: A survey of the flora and phytogeography of Rodhos, Simi, Tilos and the Marmaris Peninsula (SE Greece, SW Turkey). Dissertation, Universität Lund, 1987, 302 + xxii pp.
Ralf Jahn, Peter Schönfelder: Exkursionsflora für Kreta. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8001-3478-0, p. 353.
Peter D. Sell, Gina Murrell: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 5. Butomaceae–Orchidaceae. Cambridge University Prtess, Cambridge 1996, ISBN 0-521-55339-3, p. 258.
Ehrentraud Bayer, Karl Peter Buttler, Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau, Gunter Steinbach (eds.): Pflanzen des Mittelmeerraums. Mosaik, München 1987, ISBN 3-570-01347-2, p. 244.
World Checklist: Tulipa saxatilis subsp. bakeri (A.D.Hall) Zonn., Pl. Syst. Evol. 281: 244 (2009).
Hall A.D. 1938: Three new species of tulips. Journal of Botany (London) 76: 313-319
"Tulipa saxatilis (Bakeri Group) 'Lilac Wonder'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.