Tulipa kaufmanniana

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Liliales

Familia: Liliaceae
Subfamilia: Lilioideae
Genus: Tulipa
Subgenus: T. subg. Tulipa
Species: Tulipa kaufmanniana
Name

Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel, Gartenflora 26: 194 (1877).
Synonymy

Heterotypic
Tulipa kaufmanniana aurea Tubergen, Nursery Cat. (van Tubergen) 1906(Flowerroots): 15 (1906)
Tulipa kaufmanniana coccinea Tubergen, Nursery Cat. (van Tubergen) 1906(Flowerroots): 15 (1906)
Tulipa berkariensis Rukšans, Buried Treasures: 174 (2007), not validly publ.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:
References
Primary references

Regel, E.A. von 1877. Gartenflora 26: 194. Illustration t. 906.

Additional references

Vvedensky, A.I. 1935. Flora of the U.S.S.R. (English translation, 1968) 4: 270.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Tulipa kaufmanniana in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 05 April. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Tulipa kaufmanniana in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 05 April. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Tulipa kaufmanniana. Published online. Accessed: 05 April 2020.

Vernacular names
English: waterlily tulip

Tulipa kaufmanniana, the water lily tulip, is a species of tulip native to Central Asia.[2]

Description

The tulip has a short stem, 20–25 cm (8–10 in) long,[3] making it a dwarf tulip.[4]

It has lance shaped leaves which may be plain green,[3] or blue-green.[5] They also often have purple markings on their leaves.[6]

It is one of the earliest tulips to bloom,[3][4] between February to April.[5]

The funnel-shaped flower,[3] has six pointy petals that open out like a star similar to water lilies do, hence the common name.[5] They open very wide on sunny days. [4] They usually have outermost petals with a different colour than interior petals.[6] The long upright petals often have a flushed orange-red,[5] red or purple flush on the back of the petal.[3] Inside the petal, there maybe a butter-yellow,[5] or yellow blotch and sometimes with further red markings.[3] There are also red, orange, pink and clear yellow forms too.[5]

After it has flowered it will form seeds.[7]
Taxonomy

It is commonly known as the 'Water-lily Tulip'.[8] because the petals of the flower open out like a star or waterlily.[5][3][4]

The Latin specific epithet kaufmanniana refers to Konstantin von Kaufman (1818-1882) who was the first Governor-General of Russian Turkestan where the tulip was found.

It was first found in Turkestan,[9][10] and then published and described by Eduard August von Regel in his botanical magazine 'Gartenflora' Vol.26 on page 194 in 1877.[11][9][12] It was also published by Regel in Act. Hort. Petrop. Vol.5. on page 265 in 1877.[9]
Distribution and habitat

Tulipa kaufmanniana is native to temperate areas of Central Asia.[12] It has naturalised between southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia from Anatolia and Iran in the west to northeast of China.[7]

Range

Tulipa kaufmanniana in the Botanical Garden, Copenhagen

It is found in Kyrgyzstan,[12] Tajikistan and in Kazakhstan.[5]

As well as found on the mountains of Tien-Shan,[5][13] the Pamir and Hindu Kush mountains.[7]
Habitat

T. kaufmanniana grows in the wild on stony hillsides,[5] and steppes.[7]
Cultivation

They are suitable to be grown in the rock garden, bed and borders.[4] It is suitable for growing in USDA Growing Zones: 3 to 8, in full sun and soils with medium moisture retention or well-drained soils.[10]

Seed germination of the tulip has been studied, and it was concluded that stratification for 7 weeks was more effective treatment on studied traits than 5 weeks. Moreover, cold stratification was a better treatment on breaking seed dormancy of the seeds.[7]
Cultivars
Image on a postage stamp from Russia

They and their hybrids are placed in Group 12, the Kaufmanniana Group, by the Royal Horticultural Society.[6] Their leaves often have dashes and streaks of purple, which show the influence of Tulipa greigii in the breeding programmes.[3]

It was given the First Class Certification by the Royal Horticultural Society in 1897.[14]

The cultivars 'Ancilla', 'Early Harvest', 'Showwinner' (deep red[5]) and 'Stresa' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[15][16][17][18] Two other Group 12 cultivars are listed by the RHS as gaining the Award of Garden Merit, 'Alfred Cortot' and 'Glück'.[19][20]

Other known hybrids include 'Heart's Delight', a soft pink with an orange-yellow eye, the clear yellow 'Chopin' and white 'Concerto'.[5] In America, common cultivars include; 'Ancilla' soft pink, red and white flowers, 'Johann Strauss' rosy red and sulfur yellow blooms and 'Stresa' golden yellow with carmine red flowers.[4]
Culture

In the 1960s, a postage stamp in CCCP (Russia), was issued with a image of the tulip.[21] Then in 1993, a postage stamp in Uzbekistan, within the Flowers series was issued with a image of the tulip.[22]
References

Gartenflora 26: 194 (1877)
"Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
Richard Wilford The Plant Lover's Guide to Tulips (2015), p. 62, at Google Books
The National Gardening Association; Bob Beckstrom, Karan Davis Cutler, Kathleen Fisher, Phillip Giroux, Judy Glattstein, Michael MacCaskey, Bill Marken, Charlie Nardozzi, Sally Roth, Marcia Tatroe, Lance Walheim and Ann Whitman Gardening All-in-One For Dummies (2003), p. 552, at Google Books
Lyte, Charles (27 Mar 2004). "How to grow: Water-lily tulips". The Telegraph. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
"Tulipa kaufmanniana (12)". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
Rouhi, H. R.; Shakarami, K.; Tavakkol Afshari, R. (2010). "Seed treatments to overcome dormancy of waterlily tulip (Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel.)" (PDF). Australian Journal of Crop Science. 4 (9): 718–721. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
"Tulipa kaufmanniana — Classifications". Retrieved 19 September 2017.
"Liliaceae Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel". ipni.org. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
McIntosh, Jamie (21 March 2020). "14 Tulip Varieties to Plant for Spring Blooms". The Spruce. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
"Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
"Taxon: Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel". gringlobal.iita.org. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
By Michael Fergus and Janar Jandosova Kazakhstan: Coming of Age, p. 59, at Google Books
"Wild Kaufmanniana". Retrieved 19 September 2017.
"Tulipa 'Ancilla' (12)". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
"Tulipa 'Early Harvest' (12)". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
"Tulipa 'Showwinner' (12)". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
"Tulipa 'Stresa' (12)". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
"Tulipa 'Alfred Cortot' (12)". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
"Tulipa 'Glück' (12)". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
"Welcome to Stamps Collector Catalogue, Water-lily tulip". stamps.livingat.org. Retrieved 8 April 2021.

"Stamp › Tulipa kaufmanniana". colnect.com. Retrieved 8 April 2021.

Other Sources

Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) URL: www.skud.info
Christenhusz, J. M.. et al. 2013. Tiptoe through the tulips - cultural history, molecular phylogenetics and classification of Tulipa (Liliaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172:280-328.
Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage
Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
Marasek-Ciolakowska, A. et al. 2012. Breeding and cytogenetics in the genus Tulipa. Floriculture, Ornamental and plant biotechnology: Advances and topical issues. Volumes I-V. Global Science Books., London. 6(Special issue):90-97.
Mathew, B. F. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
Raamsdonk, L. W. D. van & T. de Vries. 1995. Species relationships and taxonomy in Tulipa subg. Tulipa (Liliaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 195:41.
Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986-2000. European garden flora.