Tropidia

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Orchidaceae
Subfamilia: Epidendroideae
Tribus: Tropidieae
Genus: Tropidia
Overview of species (33)

T. angulosa – T. angustifolia – T. bambusifolia – T. connata – T. corymbioides – T. curculigoides – T. disticha – T. effusa – T. emeishanica – T. formosana – T. gracilis – T. hegderaoi – T. janowskyi – T. maxwellii – T. mindanaensis – T. mindorensis – T. multiflora – T. multinervis – T. nagamasui – T. namasiae – T. nipponica – T. pedunculata – T. polystachya – T. ramosa – T. reichenbachiana – T. robinsonii – T. saprophytica – T. schlechteriana – T. septemnervis – T. similis – T. somae – T. territorialis – T. viridifusca
Name

Tropidia Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 19: t. 1618 (1833)

Type species: Tropidia curculigoides Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 497 (1840)

Synonymy

Heterotypic
Decaisnea Lindl. ex Wall., Numer. List: n.º 7388 (1832), nom. nud.
Cnemidia Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 19: t. 1618 (1833)
Chloidia Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 484 (1840)
Ptychochilus Schauer, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19 (Suppl. 1): 431 (1843)
Govindooia Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 6: 34 (1853)
Schoenomorphus Thorel ex Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 80: 351 (1933)
Muluorchis J.J.Wood, Kew Bull. 39: 73 (1984)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Asia-Temperate
China
China South-Central, Hainan, China Southeast, Tibet.
Eastern Asia
Japan, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan.
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya.
Indo-China
Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.
Malesia
Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera.
Papuasia
Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, Solomon Islands.
Australasia
Australia
Norfolk Islands, Northern Territory.
Pacific
Southwestern Pacific
Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa, Vanuatu.
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
Florida.
Mexico
Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast.
Southern America
Central America
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua.
Caribbean
Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico.
Northern South America
Venezuela.
Western South America
Colombia, Ecuador, Galápagos.
Brazil
Brazil West-Central.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Lindley, J. 1833. Edwards's Botanical Register 19: , ad t. 1618.
Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (eds.) 2006. Genera Orchidacearum Volume 4 Epidendroideae (Part one); page 622 ff., Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850712-7. Reference page.

Links

'eFloras 2009. Tropidia in Flora of China vol. 25 Orchidaceae --> pdf Tropidia
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2020. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Tropidia (Orchidaceae). Accessed: 2020 Sep 1.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Tropidia in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Sep 1. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Tropidia in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Sep 1. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Tropidia. Published online. Accessed: 1 Sep 2020.
The Plant List 2013. Tropidia in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Sep 1.
Tropicos.org 2020. Tropidia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Sep 1.

Vernacular names

English: Crown orchids
перем коми: Тропидия
коми: Тропидия
кырык мары: Тропиди
svenska: Eldblomflugor
удмурт: Тропидия
中文: 竹茎兰属

Tropidia, commonly known as crown orchids,[2] is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen terrestrial orchids in the family Orchidaceae. They have thin, wiry stems with two or more tough, pleated leaves with a flowering spike at the top of the stem, bearing crowded flowers. Species in this genus are distributed across the warmer parts of both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

Description

Orchids in the genus Tropidia are evergreen, terrestrial, sometimes mycotrophic herbs which form small clumps. They have thin, wiry stems, sometimes with a few branches. The stems have two or more thin, tough, pleated, lance-shaped to egg-shaped leaves. Crowded white, greenish or brown, sometimes resupinate flowers are arranged on the top of the stem and have the sepals and petals free from each other, or with the lateral sepals joined and surrounding the base of the labellum. The labellum is not lobed but has a pouch or spur at its base.[2][3][4][5]

Taxonomy and naming

The genus Tropidia was first formally described in 1833 by John Lindley and the description was published in Edwards's Botanical Register.[1][6][7] The name Tropidia is derived from the Ancient Greek word tropidos or tropideion meaning "keel", referring to the boat-shaped labellum of some species in this genus.[5][4][8]

Distribution and habitat

Species in the genus Tropidium grow in deep shade in evergreen monsoon forests and are native to China, Japan, the Indian Subcontinent,, Indonesia, Indochina, Philippines, New Guinea, Australia, Latin America (from Mexico to Ecuador), the West Indies, Florida, and some Pacific Islands including the Solomons, Fiji, New Caledonia, the Galápagos and Vanuatu.[2][3][4][5]

Species

The following is a list of species of Tropidia recognised by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as at October 2018:[1]

Tropidia acuminata Schltr. - New Guinea
Tropidia angulosa (Lindl.) Blume - Guangxi, Taiwan, Tibet, Yunnan, Bhutan, India, Assam, Bangladesh, Java, Sumatra, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
Tropidia angustifolia C.L.Yeh & C.S.Leou - Taiwan
Tropidia bambusifolia (Thwaites) Trimen - southern India, Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands
Tropidia connata J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - Sabah
Tropidia corymbioides Schltr. - New Guinea
Tropidia curculigoides Lindl. - widespread across southern China, the Himalayas, the Andaman Islands, Indochina, much of, Indonesia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, and the Northern Territory of Australia
Tropidia disticha Schltr. - New Guinea, Solomons, Bismarcks
Tropidia effusa Rchb.f. - Fiji, Samoa
Tropidia emeishanica K.Y.Lang - Sichuan
Tropidia formosana Rolfe ex Hemsl.
Tropidia gracilis Schltr. - New Guinea
Tropidia hegderaoi S.Misra
Tropidia janowskyi J.J.Sm. - New Guinea
Tropidia mindanaensis Ames - Mindanao
Tropidia mindorensis Ames - Mindoro
Tropidia multiflora J.J.Sm. - Sumba
Tropidia multinervis Schltr. - New Guinea
Tropidia namasiae C.K.Liao, T.P.Lin & M.S.Tang.
Tropidia nipponica Masam. - Japan, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands
Tropidia nipponica var. hachijoensis F.Maek. & Yokota
Tropidia nipponica var. nipponica
Tropidia pedunculata Blume - widespread from the western Himalayas to New Guinea, including Indochina, Malaysia, Philippines and much of, Indonesia
Tropidia polystachya (Sw.) Ames - Florida, Mexico, Central America, West Indies (including Bahamas and Cayman Islands), Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador (including Galápagos)
Tropidia ramosa J.J.Sm. - New Guinea
Tropidia reichenbachiana Kraenzl. - Maluku
Tropidia robinsonii Ames - Luzon
Tropidia saprophytica J.J.Sm. - Borneo
Tropidia schlechteriana J.J.Sm. - Maluku
Tropidia septemnervis (Schauer) Rchb.f. - Philippines
Tropidia similis Schltr. - New Guinea
Tropidia somae Hayata - Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, possibly Philippines
Tropidia territorialis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. - Northern Territory of Australia
Tropidia triloba J.J.Sm. - New Guinea
Tropidia viridifusca Kraenzl. - Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island

References

"Tropidia". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. pp. 364–365. ISBN 1877069124.
Chen, Xinqi; Gale, Stephen W.; Cribb, Phillip J. "Tropidia". Flora of China. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
Ackerman, James D. "Tropidia". Flora of North America. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
D.L.Jones; T.Hopley; S.M.Duffy (2010). "Tropidia". Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids. Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
"Tropidia". APNI. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
Lindley, John (1833). "Sauroglossum elatum". Edwards's Botanic Register. 19: 1618. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 661.