Trollius

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Ordo: Ranunculales

Familia: Ranunculaceae
Subfamilia: Ranunculoideae
Tribus: Adonideae
Genus: Trollius
Sectiones (7): T. sect. Acaulitrollius – T. sect. Insulaetrollius – T. sect. Laxotrollius – T. sect. Longipetala – T. sect. Pumilotrollius – T. sect. Trollius – T. sect. Yunnanotrollius

Species: T. acaulis – T. afghanicus – T. altaicus – T. apertus – T. asiaticus – T. buddae – T. chartosepalus – T. chinensis – T. citrinus – T. dschungaricus – T. europaeus – T. farreri – T. hondoensis – T. ilmenensis – T. japonicus – T. komarovii – T. kytmanovii – T. laxus – T. ledebourii – T. lilacinus – T. membranostylis – T. micranthus – T. pumilus – T. ranunculinus – T. ranunculoides – T. rebunensis – T. riederianus – T. sajanensis – T. shinanensis – T. sibiricus – T. sikkimensis – T. soyaensis – T. taihasenzanensis – T. teshioensis – T. uniflorus – T. vaginatus – T. vicarius – T. yunnanensis

Nothospecies: T. × apertus – T. × austrosibiricus – T. × cultorum

Name

Trollius L., Sp. Pl. 1: 556 (1753); Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 253 (1754).

Type species: T. europaeus L. (Lectotypus, designated by N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N.U.S. ed. 2. 2: 86. 7 Jun 1913, supported by M.L. Green, Prop. Brit. Bot. 163. Aug 1929)

Synonyms

Homotypic
Ranunculastrum Heister ex Fabr., Enum. ed. 2. 272 (1763).
Heterotypic
Gaissenia Raf., Med. Repos. 5: 351 (1808).
Hegemone Bunge ex Ledeb., Fl. Rossica 1: 51 (1841).
Megaleranthis Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 4: 130 (1935).

References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 556. Reference page.
Linnaeus, C. 1754. Genera Plantarum, ed. 5: 243. Reference page.

Additional references

Britton, N.L. & Brown, A. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian. ed. 2. C. Scribner's sons, New York. Vol. 2: 86. Reference page.
Hitchcock, A.S. & Green, M.L. 1929. Standard species of Linnaean genera of Phanerogamae (1753–1754). pp. 111–195 in International Botanical Congress. Cambridge (England), 1930. Nomenclature. Proposals by British Botanists. His Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Biblioteca Digital Reference page.
Doroszewska, A. 1974. The genus Trollius — a taxonomical study. Monographiae Botanicae 41: 1–167.
Pellmyr, O. 1992. The phylogeny of a mutualism: evolution and coadaptation between Trollius and its seed parasitic pollinators. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 47: 337–365.

Links

Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Trollius in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2009 Nov 20.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Trollius in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service.
Trollius – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).

Vernacular names
čeština: upolín
dansk: Engblomme
Deutsch: Trollblumen
English: Globeflower
Esperanto: Trolio
eesti: Kullerkupp
suomi: Kullerot
français: Trolle
Gaeilge: Leolach
hornjoserbsce: Kubołnička
magyar: Zergeboglár
հայերեն: Ձղկի
ქართული: უძოვარა
қазақша: Мысықоты
перем коми: Горадзуль
lietuvių: Burbulis
монгол: Жамъянмядаг
polski: Pełnik
русский: Купальница
slovenčina: žltohlav
svenska: Smörbollssläktet
удмурт: Италмас
українська: Купальниця
中文: 金蓮花屬)

Trollius is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants closely related to Ranunculus, in the family Ranunculaceae. The common name of some species is globeflower[1] or globe flower. Native to the cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the greatest diversity of species in Asia, Trollius usually grow in heavy, wet clay soils.[2]

Description

They are mostly herbaceous, fibrous rooted perennials with bright yellow, orange or lilac coloured flowers. The name "globe flower" refers to the petals of T. europaeus and T. × cultorum which are curved over the top of the flower, forming a globe. But T. pumilus has flatter flowers, and T. chinensis has open flowers with prominent stamens.[3]
Ecology

All species of Trollius are poisonous to cattle and other livestock when fresh, but their acrid taste means they are usually left uneaten. They are, however, used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including silver-ground carpet.
Cultivation

Some species are popular ornamental flowers in horticulture, with several cultivars selected for large and brightly coloured flowers. The hybrid T. × cultorum[4] in particular is a source of several garden cultivars, including 'Superbus', which has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[5][6]

References

"Trollius". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
"A New Species from South Siberia". Novataxa. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
RHS A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
"Missouri Botanical Garden". Retrieved 27 April 2013.
"RHS Plant Selector - Trollius × cultorum 'Superbus'". Retrieved 7 June 2013.
"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 103. Retrieved 25 December 2018.