Terminalia

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Myrtales

Familia: Combretaceae
Subfamilia: Combretoideae
Tribus: Combreteae
Subtribus: Terminaliinae
Genus: Terminalia
Species: T. actinophylla – T. acuminata – T. adamantium – T. adenopoda – T. alata – T. albida – T. amazonica – T. anisoptera – T. ankaranensis – T. anogeissiana – T. apetala – T. arbuscula – T. archboldiana – T. archipelagi – T. arenicola – T. argentea – T. argyrophylla – T. aridicola – T. arjuna – T. aroldoi – T. arostrata – T. aubletii – T. australis – T. avicapitis – T. avicennioides – T. barbosae – T. basilei – T. beccarii – T. belini – T. bellirica – T. bentii – T. bentzoe – T. bipleura – T. boivinii – T. brachystemma – T. brassii – T. brevipes – T. brownii – T. buceras – T. bucidioides – T. burmanica – T. calamansanay – T. calcicola – T. calogemma – T. calophylla – T. cambodiana – T. camuxa – T. canaliculata – T. canescens – T. capitanea – T. capitulata – T. carolinensis – T. catappa – T. celebica – T. cephalota – T. chebula – T. cherrieri – T. chicharronia – T. citrina – T. clemensae – T. complanata – T. congesta – T. copelandii – T. coriacea – T. coronata – T. corrugata – T. corticosa – T. costaricensis – T. crassipes – T. creaghii – T. crebrifolia – T. crenata – T. crenulata – T. crispialata – T. cunninghamii – T. cyanocarpa – T. darfeuillana – T. darlingii – T. densiflora – T. dhofarica – T. dichotoma – T. diptera – T. disjuncta – T. divaricata – T. diversipilosa – T. domingensis – T. duckei – T. eddowesii – T. eichleriana – T. elliptica – T. engleri – T. erici-rosenii – T. eriostachya – T. erythrocarpa – T. exelliana – T. exsculpta – T. fagifolia – T. fanshawei – T. fatraea – T. ferdinandiana – T. fitzgeraldii – T. flavicans – T. foetidissima – T. franchetii – T. gatopensis – T. gazensis – T. glabrata – T. glabrescens – T. glaucescens – T. glaucifolia – T. gossweileri – T. gracilipes – T. gracilis – T. grandiflora – T. grandis – T. griffithsiana – T. guaiquinimae – T. guyanensis – T. habeensis – T. hadleyana – T. harmandii – T. hoehneana – T. hylobates – T. hylodendron – T. hypargyrea – T. impediens – T. intermedia – T. ivorensis – T. januarensis – T. kaernbachii – T. kaiseriana – T. kajewskii – T. kanchii – T. kangeanensis – T. katikii – T. kilimandscharica – T. kjellbergii – T. kleinii – T. kuhlmannii – T. kumpaja – T. laeteviridis – T. latifolia – T. latipes – T. laxiflora – T. leandriana – T. leiocarpa – T. litoralis – T. longespicata – T. lucida – T. lundquistii – T. luteola – T. macadamii – T. macrantha – T. macrophylla – T. macroptera – T. macrostachya – T. maestrensis – T. mameluco – T. mantaliopsis – T. mantaly – T. maoi – T. megalocarpa – T. megalophylla – T. melanocarpa – T. menezesii – T. microcarpa – T. modesta – T. molii – T. molinetii – T. mollis – T. monoceros – T. morobensis – T. muelleri – T. myanmarensis – T. myriocarpa – T. myrtifolia – T. namorokensis – T. neglecta – T. neotaliala – T. nigrovenulosa – T. nipensis – T. nitens – T. nitidissima – T. novocaledonica – T. obidensis – T. oblonga – T. oblongata – T. ochroprumna – T. oliveri – T. ombrophila – T. orbicularis – T. oreadum – T. orientensis – T. oryzetorum – T. oxycarpa – T. oxyphylla – T. pachystyla – T. pallida – T. pallidovirens – T. paniculata – T. papuana – T. parvifolia – T. parvula – T. pauciflora – T. pedicellata – T. pellucida – T. pendula – T. pennyana – T. perrieri – T. petiolaris – T. phaeocarpa – T. phanerophlebia – T. phellocarpa – T. phillyreifolia – T. pierrei – T. plagata – T. platyphylla – T. platyptera – T. polyantha – T. polycarpa – T. porphyrocarpa – T. prostrata – T. prunioides – T. psilantha – T. pteleopsoides – T. pterocarpa – T. pterocarya – T. pulcherrima – T. pumila – T. quintalata – T. ramatuella – T. randii – T. reitzii – T. repanda – T. rerei – T. rhopalophora – T. richii – T. riedelii – T. rivularis – T. rostrata – T. rubiginosa – T. rubricarpa – T. rufovestita – T. sambesiaca – T. samoensis – T. schimperiana – T. scutifera – T. sepicana – T. septentrionalis – T. sericea – T. sericocarpa – T. seyrigii – T. simulans – T. slooteniana – T. soembawana – T. solomonensis – T. spinosa – T. steenisiana – T. stenostachya – T. strigillosa – T. stuhlmannii – T. suaveolens – T. subacroptera – T. subserrata – T. subspathulata – T. sulcata – T. superba – T. supitiana – T. supranitifolia – T. surigaensis – T. tetrandra – T. tetraphylla – T. tetraptera – T. travancorensis – T. trichopoda – T. tricristata – T. triflora – T. trifoliata – T. tristis – T. tropophylla – T. uleana – T. ulexoides – T. urschii – T. valverdeae – T. venosa – T. vermae – T. virens – T. viridiflora – T. vitiensis – T. welwitschii – T. whitmorei – T. yapacana – T. zeylanica – T. zollingeri

Nothospecies:T. × silozensis
Source(s) of checklist:

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Terminalia in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Nov 21. Reference page.

Name

Terminalia L. Syst. Nat., ed. 12. 2: 665, 674 ("638"). (1767) et Mant. Pl. 21, 128. 15-31 (1767). nom. cons.

Type species: Terminalia catappa L. Mant. Pl. 1: 128. (1767)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Adamaram Adans.
Anogeissus (DC.) Wall. ex Guill., Perr. & A. Rich.
Aristotelia Comm. ex Lam.
Badamia Gaertn.
Buceras P. Browne
Buchenavia Eichler
Bucida L.
Catappa Gaertn.
Chicharronia A. Rich.
Chuncoa Pav. ex Juss.
Conocarpus sect. Anogeissus DC.
Fatrea Juss.
Gimbernatea Ruiz & Pav.
Hudsonia A. Rob. ex Lunan
Kniphofia Scop.
Myrobalanifera Houtt.
Myrobalanus Gaertn.
Panel Adans.
Pentaptera Roxb.
Pteleopsis Engl.
Ramatuela Kunth
Ramatuella Kunth, orth. var.
Resinaria Comm. ex Lam.
Terminaliopsis Danguy
Vicentia Allemao

References

Linnaeus, C. von 1767. Systema Naturae, ed. 12 2: 665, 674.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Terminalia in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Oct. 25. Reference page.
Greuter, W. & Rankin, R. 2017. Vascular Plants of Cuba A Preliminary Checklist. Segunda edición, actualizada, de Espermatófitos de Cuba con inclusión de los Pteridófitos. Botanischer Garten & Botanisches Museum Berlin & Jardín Botánico Nacional, Universidad de La Habana. ISBN 978-3-946292-18-0 DOI: 10.3372/cubalist.2017.1 PDF Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2019. Terminalia. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Sept. 15. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2016. Terminalia. Published online. Accessed: Apr. 7 2016.
Maurin, O., Chase, M.W., Jordaan, M. & Van Der Bank, M. 2010. Phylogenetic relationships of Combretaceae inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data: implications for generic classification. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 162(3): 453–476. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01027.x Reference page.
Maurin, O., Gere, J., van Der Bank, M. & Boatwright, J.S. 2017. The inclusion of Anogeissus, Buchenavia and Pteleopsis in Terminalia (Combretaceae: Terminaliinae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 184(3): 312-325. DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/box029 Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2016. Terminalia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2016 Apr. 7.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Myrobalanen
English: Tropical Almond
Esperanto: Terminalio
suomi: Ketapanit

erminalia is a genus of large trees of the flowering plant family Combretaceae, comprising nearly 300 species distributed in tropical regions of the world.[2] The genus name derives from the Latin word terminus, referring to the fact that the leaves appear at the very tips of the shoots.[3]
Selected species
Main article: List of Terminalia species
Terminalia argentea flowers
Terminalia arjuna flowers
Terminalia bellirica fruit
Terminalia catappa flowers with a hoverfly - a close up
Terminalia pallida in Talakona forest, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Terminalia porphyrocarpa foliage and flowers
Terminalia mantaly street tree in Hong Kong

There are 282 accepted Terminalia species as of April 2021 according to Plants of the World Online.[2] Selected species include:

Terminalia acuminata (Fr. Allem.) Eichl.
Terminalia albida Scott-Elliot
Terminalia amazonia (J.F.Gmel.) Exell – white olive
Terminalia arbuscula Sw.
Terminalia archipelagi Coode
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. – arjuna, koha, white marudah
Terminalia arostrata Ewart & O.B.Davies – crocodile tree
Terminalia australis Cambess – palo amarillo, tanimbú
Terminalia avicennioides
Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. – beleric
Terminalia bialata (Roxb.) Steud. – Indian silver greywood, silver greywood
Terminalia buceras (L.) C.Wright
Terminalia bucidoides Standley & L.O.Williams
Terminalia bursarina – Bendee
Terminalia calamansanai (Blanco) Rolfe
Terminalia cambodiana Gagnep.
Terminalia canescens (DC.) Radlk. – jalool
Terminalia carolinensis Kaneh.
Terminalia catappa L. – Indian almond, tropical almond, umbrella tree
Terminalia chebula Retz. – black myrobalan, chebulic myrobalan, inknut
Terminalia cherrieri McKee
Terminalia circumalata F.Muell.
Terminalia cunninghamii C.A.Gardner – Pindan quondong
Terminalia eddowesii Coode
Terminalia elliptica Willd. – Indian-laurel
Terminalia eriostachya A.Rich.
Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell – billygoat plum, Kakadu plum, gubinge
Terminalia fitzgeraldii C.A.Gardner
Terminalia grandiflora Benth.
Terminalia hadleyana W.Fitzg.
Terminalia ivorensis A.Chev. – idigbo, black afara, blackbark, brimstone wood, shingle wood
Terminalia januariensis DC.
Terminalia kaernbachii Warb. – okari nut
Terminalia kangeanensis Slooten
Terminalia kuhlmannii Alwan & Stace
Terminalia kumpaja R.L.Barrett
Terminalia latifolia Sw.
Terminalia latipes Benth.
Terminalia littoralis L.
Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr.
Terminalia microcarpa Decne.
Terminalia myriocarpa
Terminalia neotaliala – Madagascar almond tree
Terminalia nigrovenulosa Pierre
Terminalia nitens C.Presl
Terminalia novocaledonica Däniker
Terminalia oblongata F.Muell.
Terminalia paniculata Roth
Terminalia parviflora Thwaites
Terminalia pellucida C.Presl
Terminalia petiolaris Benth. – marool
Terminalia phillyreifolia (Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.) Gere & Boatwr.
Terminalia platyphylla F.Muell.
Terminalia platyptera F.Muell.
Terminalia porphyrocarpa
Terminalia reitzii Excell
Terminalia rerei Coode
Terminalia richii A.Gray
Terminalia schimperiana Hochst.
Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. – silver terminalia
Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels – limba
Terminalia volucris Benth.

References

"Genus: Terminalia L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2018. Retrieved 2021-04-18.
"Terminalia L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
"Terminalia catappa - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 18 April 2021.