Tainia

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Orchidaceae
Subfamilia: Epidendroideae
Tribus: Collabieae
Genus: Tainia
Overview of species (29)

T. acuminata – T. bicornis – T. cordifolia – T. cornuta – T. crassa – T. dunnii – T. elliptica – T. hennisiana – T. hualienia – T. latifolia – T. laxiflora – T. longiscapa – T. macrantha – T. maingayi – T. marmorata – T. megalantha – T. minor – T. obpandurata – T. papuana – T. paucifolia – T. ponggolensis – T. purpureifolia – T. scapigera – T. serratiloba – T. simondii – T. speciosa – T. trinervis – T. vegetissima – T. wrayana
Name

Tainia Blume, Bijdr.: 354 (1825)

Type species: Tainia speciosa Blume, Bijdr.: 354 (1825)

Synonymy

Heterotypic
Mitopetalum Blume, Fl. Javae, Praef.: viii (1828)
Mischobulbum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1: 98 (1911)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Asia-Temperate
China
China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan, Tibet.
Eastern Asia
Japan, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan.
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka.
Indo-China
Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.
Malesia
Borneo, Jawa, Malaya, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera.
Papuasia
New Guinea, Solomon Islands.
Australasia
Australia
Queensland.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Blume, C.L. 1825. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië 354.
Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (eds.) 2006. Genera Orchidacearum Volume 4 Epidendroideae (Part one); page 158 ff., Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850712-7. Reference page. 

Additional references

Li, L., Yan, H.-F., Niu, M., Tu, T.-Y., Li, S.J. & Xing, F.-W. 2014. Re-establishment of the genus Ania Lindl. (Orchidaceae). PLoS One 9(7): e103129. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103129 Reference page. 

Links

Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2021. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Tainia. Accessed: 2021 Oct 23.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Tainia in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Oct 23. Reference page. 
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Tainia in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Oct 23. Reference page. 
Hassler, M. 2021. Tainia. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Oct 23. Reference page. 
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Tainia. Published online. Accessed: 23 Oct 2021.
Tropicos.org 2021. Tainia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 23 Oct 2021.

Vernacular names

中文: 带唇兰属
中文（简体）: 带唇兰属

Tainia, commonly known as ribbon orchids[3] or 带唇兰属 (dai chun lan shu)[4] is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen, terrestrial orchids in the (family Orchidaceae) distributed from India, China, Japan, Southeast Asia to New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Queensland.[1]
Description

Orchids in the genus Tainia are evergreen, terrestrial herbaceous plants with upright, crowded, thin fleshy pseudobulbs. Each pseudobulb has a single, smooth or pleated leaf. The flower stalk emerges from the pseudobulb on the top of a leafless shoot and bears resupinate yellowish, brownish, red or purple small to moderately large flowers. The sepals and petals are similar in size and shape to each other and several flowers open simultaneously. The labellum is sometimes lobed but always has prominent ridges on its upper surface.[3][4][5]
Taxonomy and naming

The genus Tainia was first formally described in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume who published the description in Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië.[1][6][7] The name Tainia is an Ancient Greek word meaning "ribbon", "fillet", "band" or "stripe"[8] but Blume's reason for giving this name is not known.[5]
Species list

The following is a list of the species of Tainia currently accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as of October 2014:[1]

Tainia acuminata Aver.
Tainia bicornis (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
Tainia cordifolia Hook.f. - Vietnam, Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan
Tainia cornuta Aver.
Tainia crassa (H.Turner) J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - Peninsular Malaysia
Tainia dunnii Rolfe - Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang
Tainia dunnii var. caterva (T.P.Lin & W.M.Lin) T.P.Lin
Tainia elliptica Fukuy
Tainia hennisiana (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt - Myanmar
Tainia hualienia S.S.Ying - Taiwan
Tainia latifolia (Lindl.) Rchb.f. - Assam, Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan
Tainia latifolia subsp. elongata (J.J.Sm.) H.Turner - Sumatra, Java, Borneo
Tainia latifolia subsp. latifolia - Assam, Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan
Tainia latifolia subsp. subintegra P.O'Byrne - Assam, Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan
Tainia laxiflora Makino - Japan, Taiwan, Izu-shoto, Nansei-shoto (Ryukyu Islands)
Tainia longiscapa (Seidenf.) J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - Yunnan, Thailand, Vietnam, Hainan
Tainia macrantha Hook.f. - Guangxi, Guangdong, Vietnam
Tainia maingayi Hook.f. - Java, Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra
Tainia marmorata (J.J.Sm.) J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - Sulawesi
Tainia megalantha (Tang & F.T.Wang) ined. - India, Bhutan, Assam
Tainia minor Hook.f. - Assam, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Yunnan, Tibet
Tainia obpandurata H.Turner - Sumatra, Borneo
Tainia papuana J.J.Sm. - New Guinea, Solomons
Tainia paucifolia (Breda) J.J.Sm. - Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Malaysia, Java, Sumatra
Tainia ponggolensis (A.L.Lamb ex H.Turner) J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - Sabah
Tainia purpureifolia Carr - Borneo
Tainia scapigera (Hook.f.) J.J.Sm. - Borneo
Tainia serratiloba Ormerod - western New Guinea
Tainia simondii (Seidenf. ex Aver.) ined. - Vietnam
Tainia speciosa Blume - Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra
Tainia trinervis Blume Rchb.f. - Maluku, New Guinea, Solomons, Queensland
Tainia vegetissima Ridl. - Malaysia, Borneo
Tainia wrayana (Hook.f.) J.J.Sm. - Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Sumatra

Distribution and habitat

Orchids in the genus Tainia grow in high rainfall, shady forests. They are found in Sri Lanka, India and Japan, then south from Myanmar to New Guinea, Australia and some Pacific Islands. Thirteen species, of which two are endemic are found in China. The only Australian specis, T. trinervis also occurs in New Guinea and some Pacific Islands.[3][4]
References

"Tainia". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Drake, Sarah (1844). John Lindley (ed.). "Ania bicornis". Edwards's Botanical Register. 30: 8. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 364. ISBN 1877069124.
Chen, Xinqi; Wood, Jeffrey J. "Tainia". Retrieved 3 November 2018.
D.L.Jones; T.Hopley; S.M.Duffy (2010). "Tainia". Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids. Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
"Tainia". APNI. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
Blume, Carl Ludwig (1825). Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië. Batavia. p. 354. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 660.