Stutzia

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Ordo: Caryophyllales

Familia: Amaranthaceae s.l.
Cladus: Chenopodiaceae s.str.
Subfamilia: Chenopodioideae
Tribus: Chenopodieae (incl. Atripliceae)
Genus: Stutzia

Species: S. cordiformis – S. covillei – S. dioica

Names in synonymy:

for Endolepis: E. covillei – E. dioica – E. monilifera – E. ovata – E. phyllostegia – E. suckleyi

Name

Stutzia E.H.Zacharias, Syst. Bot. 35(4): 851. (2010)

Type: Stutzia dioica (Nutt.) E.H.Zacharias

Synonyms

Replaced synonym
Endolepis Torr., Pacif. Railr. Rep. 12 (Book 2, Pt. 2, Bot.) [Stevens] 47. (1860), nom. illeg. (later homonym of Endolepis Schleid. 1846, a fossil genus)
Type: Endolepis suckleyi Torr.
Homotypic
Atriplex sect. Endolepis McNeill, Monogr. Res. Branch Canada Dept. Agric. 31: 16. (1983); and in Taxon 32(4): 552. (1983)
Type: Atriplex suckleyi (Torr. ) Rydb.
Heterotypic
Atriplex sect. Covilleiae S.L.Welsh, Rhodora 102(912): 425. (2001)
Type: Atriplex covillei (Standl.) J.F.Macbr.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Northern America
Subarctic America
Nunavut, Northern Territories, Yukon
Western Canada
Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan
Eastern Canada
New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec
Northwestern U.S.A.
Colorado, Montana, Oregon, Wyoming
North-Central U.S.A.
North Dakota, Nebraska, South Dakota
Southwestern U.S.A.
California, Nevada

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Zacharias, E.H. & Baldwin, B.G. 2010. A molecular phylogeny of North American Atripliceae (Chenopodiaceae), with implications for floral and photosynthetic pathway evolution. Systematic Botany 35(4): 839–857. DOI: 10.1600/036364410X539907 Reference page. : 851
Bassett, I.J., Crompton, C.W., McNeill, J. & Taschereau, P.M. 1983. The genus Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) in Canada. Monographs, Research Branch, Canada Department of Agriculture 31. PDF Reference page. : 16
McNeill, J., Bassett, I.J., Crompton, C.W. & Taschereau, P.M. 1983. Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Notes on Atriplex L. (Chenopodiaceae). Taxon 32(4): 549–556. DOI: 10.2307/1221723 Reference page. : 552
Torrey, J., in Gray, A. 1860. Catalogue of plants collected east of the Rocky Mountains. Reports of explorations and surveys: to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Botanical Report. 12(2): 40–49. BHL Reference page. : 47, pl. 3
Welsh, S.L. 2001 ("2000"). Nomenclatural proposals in Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae). Rhodora 102(912): 415–427. BHL Reference page. : 425

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. Stutzia. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 1. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2016. Stutzia. Published online. Accessed: Mar. 2 2016.
The Plant List 2013. Stutzia in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2016 Mar. 2.
Tropicos.org 2016. Stutzia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2 Mar. 2016.

Stutzia is a plant genus in the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae. It was described in 2010, replacing the illegitimate name Endolepis. It comprises two species, that have also been included in the genus Atriplex.[2]

Stutzia species occur in western North America.

Description

The species of Stutzia are annual herbs 3–50 cm high and broad, growing erect or spreading. Young plant parts are sparsely furfuraceous or farinose, older ones glabrescent. The stems are branched nearly from base with ascending or spreading branches, the older ones with whitish bark. The numerous green leaves are alternate, petiolated or not. Their succulent leaf blades are 7–50 long and 2–30 mm wide, triangular-hastate, broadly ovate, lanceolate-ovate, lanceolate, or elliptic, with entire margins. The leaf anatomy is of the "normal" (non-Kranz) type of C3-plants.[1]

The plants are monoecious. The inflorescences form terminal, dense or interrupted spikes of glomerulate male and often female flowers, and female flowers standing to 1-6 in the axils of midstem leaves. Male flowers (without bracteoles) consist of 5 triangular to subulate perianth lobes, ca. 1–2 mm long, united in the lower half to 3/4, smooth or with a fleshy crest, and 5 exserting stamens inserting on a disc. Female flowers are sitting within 2 opposite bracteoles, they consist of a hyaline perianth of 1–5 distinct, entire or lobed tepals, and an ovary with 2 filiform, slightly exserted stigmas.[1]

In fruit, the bracteoles enclosing the fruit become accrescent, 2–20 × 1–10 mm, connate at least to the middle or to the summit. Their shape can be either ovate and entire or ovate-cordate to lanceolate, and laterally lobed at base, with acute to acuminate apices. Their surface is scurfy, usually without tubercles. The ovate, laterally compressed to subglobose fruit (utricle) greatly surpassing the perianth is not spongy, and does not fall at maturity. The membranous pericarp adheres to the seed. The vertically orientated seed with rostellate apex has a brown to dark reddish-brown, thin, crustaceous seed coat. The subannular, slender embryo surrounds the copious perisperm.[1]

Stutzia is flowering from April to July.[1]

The chromosome numbers are n = 9 (haploid) and 2n = 18 (diploid).[1]
Distribution

The species of Stutzia are distributed in western North America (Alberta, Saskatchewan, California, Colorado, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and possibly Oregon).[1]

They grow in dry habitats on alkaline or saline substrates, from 400–2,200 m. Stutzia dioica is more widely distributed, and is a pioneer on alkaline or saline, fine-textured soils in badlands. Sometimes it occurs together with Atriplex species, sagebrush, or grasses. Stutzia covillei grows on saline soils in saltbush, greasewood, rabbitbrush, warm desert scrub, and salt-grass communities.[1]
Systematics

The genus Stutzia has been first described in 2010 by Elizabeth H. Zacharias (In: A Molecular Phylogeny of North American Atripliceae (Chenopodiaceae), with Implications for Floral and Photosynthetic Pathway Evolution. In: Systematic Botany 35 (4), p. 839-857). It replaced the illegitimate name Endolepis, that had been described in 1860 by John Torrey (not being aware of the earlier fossil Endolepis Schleid. from 1846). The type species is Stutzia dioica. Stutzia species were often included in genus Atriplex.[3][4] The genus name Stutzia was given in honour to the botanist Howard C. Stutz, who had resurrected Endolepis in 1993.[1]

Stutzia belongs to the tribe Atripliceae in the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae.
Species

The genus comprises two species:[1]

Stutzia covillei (Standl.) E. H. Zacharias - Coville’s orach[3][5] (Synonyms Atriplex covillei (Standl.) J. F. Macbr., Endolepis covillei Standl.)
Stutzia dioica (Nutt.) E. H. Zacharias - Suckley’s orach[4] (Syn. Kochia dioica Nutt., Salsola dioica (Nutt.) Spreng., Endolepis dioica (Nutt.) Standl., Atriplex dioica (Nutt.) J. F. Macbr., Atriplex suckleyi (Torrey) Rydberg, Endolepis suckleyi Torr., Endolepis ovata Rydb., Atriplex ovata (Rydb.) Clem. & E. G. Clem.)

References

Elizabeth H. Zacharias, Bruce G. Baldwin (2010): A Molecular Phylogeny of North American Atripliceae (Chenopodiaceae), with Implications for Floral and Photosynthetic Pathway Evolution. In: Systematic Botany 35(4), p.839-857. doi:10.1600/036364410X539907
CalFlora Database: Atriplex covillei (Coville's orach) . accessed 2.22.2015
Stanley L. Welsh (2003): Atriplex covillei in Flora of North America, p.368
Stanley L. Welsh (2003): Atriplex suckleyi in Flora of North America, p.345
Jepson eFlora treatment for Stutzia covillei . accessed 2.22.2015