Sternbergia lutea

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamilia: Amaryllidoideae
Tribus: Narcisseae
Genus: Sternbergia
Species: Sternbergia lutea
Name

Sternbergia lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. ex Spreng., 1825
Synonyms

Basionym
Amaryllis lutea L., Sp. Pl.: 292 (1753).
Homotypic
Oporanthus luteus (L.) Herb., Appendix: 38 (1821).
Heterotypic
Sternbergia sicula Tineo ex Guss., Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 811 (1845).
Oporanthus siculus (Tineo ex Guss.) Parl., Fl. Ital. 3: 97 (1858).
Sternbergia lutea subsp. sicula (Tineo ex Guss.) K.Richt., Pl. Eur. 1: 236 (1890).
Sternbergia aurantiaca Dinsm. in G.E.Post, Fl. Syria, ed. 2, 2: 607 (1934).
Sternbergia greuteriana Kamari & R.Artelari, Willdenowia 19: 371 (1990).
Sternbergia lutea subsp. greuteriana (Kamari & R.Artelari) Strid in A.Strid & B.Strid, Fl. Graeca 3-4: 222 (2010).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
Albania; Baleares; Bulgaria; East Aegean Is.; France; Greece; Italy; Kriti; Sardegna; Sicilia; Spain; Yugoslavia
Continental: Africa
Algeria; Morocco; Tunisia
Continental: Asie
Iran; Iraq; Lebanon-Syria; Palestine; Tadzhikistan; Transcaucasus; Turkey; Turkmenistan.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Ker Gawler, J.B., Syst. Veg. 2:57. 1825

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Sternbergia lutea in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Aug. 06. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Sternbergia lutea. Published online. Accessed: Aug. 06 2018.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Sternbergia lutea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Herbst-Goldbecher
English: winter daffodil
suomi: Leveäpikarinarsissi
français: Vendangeuse

Sternbergia lutea, the winter daffodil,[2][3] autumn daffodil, fall daffodil, lily-of-the-field, or yellow autumn crocus,[a] is a bulbous flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae,[4] in the Narcisseae tribe, which is used as an ornamental plant. It has yellow flowers which appear in autumn.

The Latin specific epithet lutea means "yellow".[5]

Description
The six grey-striated tepals, the six yellow stamens, and the style with its stigma

Sternbergia lutea has a wide distribution from the Balearic Islands in the Western Mediterranean through to Tajikistan in Central Asia.[1] It dies down to a bulb during the summer. Leaves first appear in the autumn (September to November in its native habitats), and are glossy green, up to 12 mm wide; they remain through the winter.

Deep yellow flowers appear soon after the leaves, with six tepals around 3–3.5 mm long,[6] six yellow stamens and a style with a single stigma.

Smaller forms with narrower leaves (up to 5 mm wide) and narrower tepals (3–12 mm rather than 10–20 mm) have been separated off under various names (e.g. S. lutea var. graeca, S. sicula).[6] All are treated as S. lutea in the Kew World Checklist.[1]
Cultivation

Sternbergia lutea is hardy to USDA hardiness zones 7–9 (−18 to −1 °C) depending on the degree of protection given.[7] It can be grown outside in the British Isles in well-drained soil; a warm dry period in summer is required for good flowering. Alkaline soils are recommended. Bulbs are usually planted while dormant (i.e. in late summer or early autumn), but can be lifted and divided before the leaves die down in late spring.[6]

This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.[8][9]

A vigorous form with narrow leaves is grown in gardens under the name S. lutea var. angustifolia.[6]
Notes

Though it does not belong to the same family as the crocus.

References

WCSP (2011), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2011-09-20, search for "Sternbergia lutea"
"Sternbergia lutea". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae
Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for Gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 978-1845337315.
Mathew, Brian (1987), The Smaller Bulbs, London: B.T. Batsford, ISBN 978-0-7134-4922-8, p. 157–159
Evans, Erv & De Hertough, A.A., Sternbergia lutea; Winter daffodil, Fall daffodil, Yellow Autumn crocus, NC State University, archived from the original on 2011-09-20, retrieved 2011-09-20
"RHS Plantfinder - Sternbergia lutea". Retrieved 21 November 2018.
"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 99. Retrieved 21 November 2018.