Spathoglottis

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Orchidaceae
Subfamilia: Epidendroideae
Tribus: Collabieae
Genus: Spathoglottis
Overview of species (41)

S. affinis – S. albida – S. aurea – S. bulbosa – S. carolinensis – S. chrysantha – S. chrysodorus – S. confusa – S. doctersii – S. eburnea – S. elmeri – S. elobulata – S. erectiflora – S. gracilis – S. hardingiana – S. ixioides – S. jetsuniae – S. kenejiae – S. kimballiana – S. latifolia – S. microchilina – S. micronesiaca – S. pacifica – S. palawanensis – S. papuana – S. parviflora – S. paulinae – S. petri – S. philippinensis – S. plicata – S. portus-finschii – S. pubescens – S. pulchra – S. smithii – S. sulawesiensis – S. tomentosa – S. tricallosa – S. unguiculata – S. vanoverberghii – S. vanvuurenii – S. velutina
Nothospecies: (1)

S. × parsonsii
Name

Spathoglottis Blume, Bijdr.: 400 (1825)

Type species: Spathoglottis plicata Blume, Bijdr.: 401 (1825)

Synonymy

Heterotypic
Paxtonia Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 24(Misc.): 61 (1838)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Asia-Temperate
China
China South-Central, China Southeast, Tibet.
Eastern Asia
Nansei-shoto, Taiwan.
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka.
Indo-China
Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Vietnam.
Malesia
Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Peninsular Malaysia, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera.
Papuasia
Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands.
Australasia
Australia
Queensland.
Pacific
Southwestern Pacific
Fiji, Niue, New Caledonia, Samoa, Santa Cruz Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Islands.
South-Central Pacific
Cook Islands.
Northwestern Pacific
Caroline Islands, Marianas.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Blume, C.L. 1825. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië 8: 400.
Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (eds.) 2006. Genera Orchidacearum Volume 4 Epidendroideae (Part one); page 156 ff., Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850712-7. Reference page.

Links

'eFloras 2009. Spathoglottis in Flora of China vol. 25 Orchidaceae --> pdf Spathoglottis
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2021. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Spathoglottis. Accessed: 2021 Aug 9.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Spathoglottis in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Aug 9. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Spathoglottis in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Aug 9. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2021. Spathoglottis. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Aug 9. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Spathoglottis. Published online. Accessed: 9 Aug 2021.
Tropicos.org 2021. Spathoglottis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Aug 9.

Vernacular names

English: Ground orchid
日本語: コウトウシラン属
перем коми: Спатоглоттис
коми: Спатоглоттис
lietuvių: Liežuvenė
кырык мары: Спатоглоттис
ไทย: กล้วยไม้ดิน
удмурт: Спатоглоттис
Tiếng Việt: Chi Lan chu đình
中文: 苞舌兰属

Spathoglottis, commonly known as purple orchids[2] or 苞舌兰属 (bao she lan shu)[3] is a genus of about fifty species of orchids in the family Orchidaceae. They are evergreen terrestrial herbs with crowded pseudobulbs, a small number of leaves and medium-sized resupinate flowers on an upright flowering stem. The sepals and petals are all similar to each other and are white, yellow, pink or purple. Species of Spathoglottis are found from eastern and south-eastern Asia to Australia and some Pacific Islands.

Description

Orchids in the genus Spathoglottis are evergreen, terrestrial herbs with crowded pseudobulbs just below the surface of the soil and a few large, pleated leaves. The flowering stem emerges from a pseudoblulb and bears medium-sized, colourful flowers. The flowers open widely with the sepals and petals all similar in size to each other, although with the petals usually broader, the sepals are hairy on the outside. The labellum has three lobes, the side lobes more or less upright and the middle lobe with a claw near its base.[2][3][4]
Taxonomy and naming

The genus Spathoglottis was first formally described in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume who published the description in Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië.[1][5][6] The genus name Spathoglottis is derived from the Greek spathe, spathe, and glotta, tongue, a probable reference to the broad labellum midlobe".[4]
Species list

Species accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as of October 2018 are:[1]

Spathoglottis affinis de Vriese
Spathoglottis albida Kraenzl.
Spathoglottis alpina R.S.Rogers
Spathoglottis altigena Schltr.
Spathoglottis aurea Lindl.
Spathoglottis bulbosa Schltr.
Spathoglottis carolinensis Schltr.
Spathoglottis chrysantha Ames
Spathoglottis chrysodorus T.Green
Spathoglottis confusa J.J.Sm.
Spathoglottis doctorsii J.J.Sm.
Spathoglottis doctorsii var. doctorsii
Spathoglottis doctorsii var. emarginata J.J.Sm.
Spathoglottis eburnea Gagnep.
Spathoglottis elmeri Ames
Spathoglottis elobulata J.J.Sm.
Spathoglottis erectiflora Kraenzl.
Spathoglottis gracilis Rolfe ex Hook.f.
Spathoglottis grandifolia Schltr.
Spathoglottis hardingiana C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.
Spathoglottis ixioides (D.Don) Lindl.
Spathoglottis kenejiae Schltr.
Spathoglottis kimballiana Hook.f.
Spathoglottis kimballiana var. angustifolia Ames
Spathoglottis kimballiana var. antiquensis T.Green
Spathoglottis kimballiana var. kimballiana
Spathoglottis latifolia (Gaudich.) Garay & Ormerod
Spathoglottis microchilina Kraenzl.
Spathoglottis micronesiaca Schltr.
Spathoglottis oreophila Ridl.
Spathoglottis pacifica Rchb.f.
Spathoglottis palawanensis Lubag-Arquiza
Spathoglottis papuana F.M.Bailey
Spathoglottis papuana var. papuana
Spathoglottis papuana var. puberifloraR.S.Rogers & C.T.White
Spathoglottis × parsonii Ames & Quisumb.
Spathoglottis parviflora Kraenzl.
Spathoglottis paulinae F.Muell.
Spathoglottis petri Rchb.f.
Spathoglottis philippinensis Lubag-Arquiza
Spathoglottis plicata Blume
Spathoglottis portus-finschii Kraenzl.
Spathoglottis pubescens Lindl.
Spathoglottis pulchra Schltr.
Spathoglottis pacifica Rchb.f.
Spathoglottis smithii Kores
Spathoglottis stenophylla Ridl.
Spathoglottis sulawesiensis T.Green
Spathoglottis tomentosa Lindl.
Spathoglottis tricallosa J.J.Sm.
Spathoglottis umbraticola Garay
Spathoglottis unguiculata (Labill.) Rchb.f.
Spathoglottis vanoverberghii Ames
Spathoglottis vanvuurenii J.J.Sm.
Spathoglottis velutina Schltr.
Spathoglottis wariana Schltr.

Distribution and habitat

Spathoglottis orchids usually grow in moist places in forest, grassland and swamps, usually in bright sunshine. They are found in India, China, the Philippines, Malaysia,, Indonesia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands, Borneo and Cape York Peninsula in Australia. One species is endemic to Australia and three to China.[2][3][4]
Use in horticulture

They are easy to cultivate and sought after for their large colourful flowers, and are common in tropical gardens. They need sun for part of the day, well-drained loamy soil and regular water.[2]

Spathoglottis sp. from Sarawak, Borneo

Spathoglottis plicata capsule

Spathoglottis plicata flowers and fruits at various stages of development

Spathoglottis plicata white cultivar

References

"Spathoglottis". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. pp. 362–363. ISBN 1877069124.
Chen, Xinqi; Bell, Alexandra. "Spathoglottis". Flora of China. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
D.L.Jones; T.Hopley; S.M.Duffy (2010). "Spathoglottis". Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids. Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
"Spathoglottis". APNI. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
Blume, Carl Ludwig (1825). Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië. Batavia. p. 400. Retrieved 6 September 2018.