Santalaceae

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Ordo: Santalales

Familia: Santalaceae
Genera: Acanthosyris – Amphorogyne – Anthobolus – Antidaphne – Arceuthobium – Buckleya – Cervantesia – Choretrum – Colpoon – Comandra – Daenikera – Dendromyza – Dendrophthora – Dendrotrophe – Dufrenoya – Elaphanthera – Eubrachion – Exocarpos – Geocaulon – Ginalloa – Jodina – Korthalsella – Kunkeliella – Lacomucinaea – Lepidoceras – Leptomeria – Mida – Myoschilos – Nanodea – Nestronia – Notothixos – Okoubaka – Omphacomeria – Osyridocarpos – Osyris – Phacellaria – Phoradendron – Pilgerina – Pyrularia – Rhoiacarpos – Santalum – Scleropyrum – Spirogardnera – Staufferia – Thesium – Viscum
Name

Santalaceae R.Br., Prodr. 305. (1810) nom. cons.

Type genus: Santalum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 349. (1753)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Viscaceae Batsch Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 240. (1802)

Note: This is a view of Santalaceae s.l. sensu Stevens (2019), but see Nickrent et al. (2010) for a differing view that segregates six additional families, but APG IV (2016) rejects Nickrent (2010) pending more data. In addition, Stevens et al. (2020) use a mixture of tribes and clades to sub-divide this family, which is unsustainable taxonomically and can not be used here.
References

Brown, R. 1810. Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae 305.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181(1): 1–20. DOI: 10.1111/boj.12385 Reference page.
Barlow, B.A. 1997. Viscaceae. Flora Malesiana - Series 1, Spermatophyta 13(1): 403-442. URL PDF Reference page.
Der, J.P. & Nickrent, D.L. 2008. A molecular phylogeny of Santalaceae (Santalales). Systematic Botany 33(1): 107–116. DOI: 10.1600/036364408783887438 Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2014. Santalaceae. Published online. Accessed: 26 Jan. 2014.
Nickrent, D.L., Malécot, V., Vidal-Russell, R. & Der, J.P. 2010. A revised classification of Santalales. Taxon 59(2): 538–558. DOI: 10.1002/tax.592019 JSTOR PDF. Reference page.
Nickrent, D.L. 2017. Status of the Genera Colpoon, Osyris and Rhoiacarpos in South Africa. Bothalia 47(1): 1–7. DOI: 10.4102/abc.v47i1.2260 Open access Reference page.
Nickrent, D.L., Anderson, F. & Kuijt, J. 2019. Inflorescence evolution in Santalales: integrating morphological characters and molecular phylogenetics. American Journal of Botany 106(3): 402-414. DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1250 PDF Reference page.
Kuijt, J. 2013. A brief taxonomic history of neotropical mistletoe genera, with a key to the genera. Blumea – Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 58: 3. 263–266(4). DOI: 10.3767/000651913X676664 PDF. Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Santalaceae in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Jan. 24. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2019. Santalaceae. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Jan. 26. Reference page.
Nickrent, D.L. 1997-2019. The Parasitic Plant Connection, Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Online. Reference page.
Stevens, P.F. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since]. Online. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2014. Santalaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2014 Jan. 26.

Vernacular names
aragonés: Santalacias
العربية: صندلية
asturianu: Santalacees
azərbaycanca: Səndəlkimilər
català: Santalàcia
čeština: Santálovité
dansk: Sandeltræ-familien
Deutsch: Sandelholzgewächse
English: Sandalwood and Mistletoe family
Esperanto: Santalacoj
español: Santaláceas
فارسی: صندلیان
suomi: Santelikasvit
français: Santalacées
עברית: סנטליים
日本語: ビャクダン科
қазақша: Санталдар тұқымдасы
한국어: 단향과
lietuvių: Santaliniai
македонски: Сандали
Nederlands: Sandelhoutfamilie
norsk: Sandeltrefamilien
polski: Sandałowcowate
پنجابی: صندل ٹبر
русский: Санталовые
slovenčina: Santalovité
svenska: Sandelträdsväxter
తెలుగు: శాంటాలేసి
ไทย: วงศ์ย่านตีเมีย
українська: Санталові
Tiếng Việt: Họ Đàn hương
中文: 檀香科

The Santalaceae, sandalwoods, are a widely distributed family of flowering plants (including small trees, shrubs, perennial herbs, and epiphytic climbers[1]) which, like other members of Santalales, are partially parasitic on other plants. Its flowers are bisexual or, by abortion ("flower drop"), unisexual.[2] Modern treatments of the Santalaceae include the family Viscaceae (mistletoes), previously considered distinct.

The APG II system of 2003 recognises the family and assigns it to the order Santalales in the clade core eudicots. However, the circumscription by APG is much wider than accepted by previous classifications, including the plants earlier treated in families Eremolepidaceae and Viscaceae. It includes about 1,000 species in 43 genera.[3] Many have reported traditional and cultural uses, including as medicine.[4]
Genera

Acanthosyris
Amphorogyne
Anthobolus
Antidaphne (previously Eremolepidaceae)
Arceuthobium (previously Viscaceae)
Buckleya
Cervantesia Ruiz & Pavón
Choretrum R.Br.
Cladomyza
Comandra Nutt.
Daenikera
Dendromyza[1]
Dendrophthora (previously Viscaceae)
Dendrotrophe
Dufrenoya
Elaphanthera
Eubrachion (previously Eremolepidaceae)
Exocarpos Pers.[1]
Geocaulon
Ginalloa (previously Viscaceae)
Henslowia
Jodina
Korthalsella Tiegh.
Kunkeliella
Lepidoceras (previously Eremolepidaceae)
Leptomeria
Mida
Myoschilos
Nanodea
Nestronia
Notothixos (previously Viscaceae)
Okoubaka Pellegr. & Normand
Omphacomeria
Osyridicarpos
Osyris
Phacellaria
Phoradendron Nutt. (previously Viscaceae)
Pilgerina Z.S.Rogers, Nickrent & Malécot
Pyrularia
Rhoiacarpos
Santalum L.
Scleropyrum
Spirogardnera
Staufferia
Thesidium
Thesium L.
Viscum L. (previously Viscaceae)

excluded genera:

Arjona - to Schoepfiaceae
Quinchamalium - to Schoepfiaceae

References

Hewson & George [et al.], Santalaceae taxonomy Archived 2015-03-24 at the Wayback Machine, 1984, pp. 191-194.
Pilger, R. Santalaceae (with 17 figures). R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. (1810) 350, pp. 1-45.
Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. Magnolia Press. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
O'Neill, A. R.; Rana, S. K. (2019). "An ethnobotanical analysis of parasitic plants (Parijibi) in the Nepal Himalaya". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 12 (14): 14. doi:10.1186/s13002-016-0086-y. PMC 4765049. PMID 26912113.