Ribes triste

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Ordo: Saxifragales

Familia: Grossulariaceae
Genus: Ribes
Subgenus: Ribes subg. Ribes
Sectio: Ribes sect. Ribes
Species: Ribes triste
Varietas: R. t. var. repens
Name

Ribes triste Pall., 1797
Homonyms

Ribes triste Turcz. = Ribes altissimum Turcz. ex Pojark.
Ribes triste Bunge = Ribes petraeum Wulfen

Synonyms

Coreosma tristis Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 415 (1916)
Ribes albinervium Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 110 (1803)
Ribes ciliosum Howell, Fl. N. W. Amer. 1: 208 (1898)
Ribes melancholicum Siev. ex Pall., Nova Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. Hist. Acad. 1 (Hist.): 238 (1797)
Ribes propinquum Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13: 70 (1840)
Ribes rubrum Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 550 (1840)
Ribes rubrum var. glabella Trautv. & C.A.Mey., Fl. Ochot. Phaenog. 40 (1856)
Ribes rubrum var. alaskanum (Berger) B.Boivin, Naturaliste Canad. 93: 436 (1966)
Ribes rubrum var. propinquum (Turcz.) Trautv. & C.A.Mey., Fl. Ochot. Phaenog. 40: (1856)
Ribes triste var. albinervium (Michx.) Fernald, Rhodora 9: 4 (1907)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:
References
Primary references

Pallas, P.S., 1797. Nova Acta Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae. Praecedit Historia ejusdem Academiae 10:378.

Additional references

Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2009). Flora of North America North of Mexico 8: 1-585. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Ribes triste in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Sep 29. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. Sep. Ribes triste. Published online. Accessed: 29 Sep.
Tropicos.org 2021. Ribes triste. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 29 Sep 2021.
Hassler, M. 2021. Ribes triste. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Sep 29. Reference page.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Ribes triste in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 2021 Sep 29.

Vernacular names
العربية: كشمش منقعي
English: red currant
فارسی: انگورفرنگی تیره‌گل
français: Gadelier rouge sauvage
русский: Смородина печальная
中文: 矮茶藨子

Ribes triste, known as the northern redcurrant,[2] swamp redcurrant, or wild redcurrant,[3] is an Asian and North American shrub in the gooseberry family. It is widespread across Canada and the northern United States, as well as in eastern Asia (Russia, China, Korea, Japan).[4][5]

Ribes triste grows in wet rocky woods, swamps, and cliffs. It grows to 50 cm (20 in) tall, with a lax, often creeping branches. The leaves are alternate, palmately lobed with five lobes, 6–10 cm (2+1⁄4–4 in) in diameter. The flowers are in pendulous racemes, 4–7 cm (1+1⁄2–2+3⁄4 in) long. The axis of the raceme is glandular. Each raceme bears 6-13 small, purplish flowers that appear in June and July. The fruit is a bright red berry, without the hairs that some currants have. The fruit is edible but rather sour.[6]

Conservation status in the United States

It is listed as endangered in Connecticut[7] and Ohio, and as threatened in Pennsylvania.[8]
As a weed

Ribes is listed a plant pest in Michigan and the planting of it in certain parts of the state is prohibited.[8]
Use by Native Americans
In cuisine

Alaska Natives use the fruit as food, eating it raw, and making the berries into jam and jellies.[9] Eskimos eat the berries[10] and the Inupiat eat them raw or cooked, mix them with other berries which are used to make a traditional dessert. They also mix the berries with rosehips and highbush cranberries and boil them into a syrup.[11] The Iroquois mash the fruit, make them into small cakes, and store them for future use. They later soak the fruit cakes in warm water and cooked them a sauce or mixed them with corn bread. They also sun dry or fire dry the raw or cooked fruit for future use and take the dried fruit with them as a hunting food.[12] The Ojibwe eat the berries raw, and also preserve them by cooking them, spreading them on birch bark into little cakes, which are dried and stored for winter use.[13] In the winter, they often eat the berries with cooked with sweet corn. They also use the berries to make jams and preserves.[14] The Upper Tanana eat the berries as food.[15]
In medicine

The Ojibwe take a decoction of the root and stalk for 'gravel',[16] and take a compound decoction of the stalk for 'stoppage of periods',[17] and use the leaves as a 'female remedy'.[18] The Upper Tanana use a decoction of the stems, without the bark, as a wash for sore eyes.[15]
References

"Ribes triste". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Gardens – via The Plant List.
Ulev, Elena D. (2006). "Ribes triste". Fire Effects Information System (FEIS). US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
"Ribes triste Pall., swamp red currant, wild red currant". Canada's Plant Hardiness Site. Natural Resources Canada.
"Ribes triste". State-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
Lu, Lingdi; Alexander, Crinan. "Ribes triste". Flora of China. Vol. 8 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
Morin, Nancy R. (2009). "Ribes triste". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 8. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
"Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern Plants". State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 December 2021. (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Ribes triste". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
Heller, Christine A. (1953). Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska. University of Alaska. p. 87.
Anderson, J. P. (1939). "Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska". American Journal of Botany. 26 (9): 715. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1939.tb09343.x.
Jones, Anore (1983). Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat. Kotzebue, Alaska: Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program. p. 105.
Waugh, F. W. (1916). Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation. Ottawa: Canada Department of Mines. p. 128.
Densmore 1928, p. 321.
Smith 1932, p. 410.
Kari 1985, p. 11.
Densmore 1928, p. 348.
Densmore 1928, p. 358.

Smith 1932, p. 389.

Bibliography
Densmore, Frances (1928). "Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians". SI-BAE Annual Report. 44.
Smith, Huron H. (1932). "Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians". Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee. 4.
Kari, Priscilla Russe (1985). Upper Tanana Ethnobotany. Anchorage: Alaska Historical Commission.