Quercus acuta

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Fagales

Familia: Fagaceae
Genus: Quercus
Subgenus: Q. subg. Cyclobalanopsis

Species: Q. acuta
Name

Quercus acuta Thunb., 1784
Synonyms

Basionym
Cyclobalanopsis acuta (Thunb.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 18: 78 (1866).
Heterotypic
Quercus buergeri Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 299 (1851).
Quercus laevigata Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 304 (1851).
Quercus marginata Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 304 (1851).
Cyclobalanopsis buergeri (Blume) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 78 (1866).
Cyclobalanopsis laevigata (Blume) Oerst., Bidr. Egefam.: 49 (1871).
Cyclobalanopsis marginata (Blume) Oerst., Bidr. Egefam.: 49 (1871).
Quercus carpostachys H.Lév. & Vaniot, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52: 142 (1905).
Quercus kasaimok H.Lév. ex Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 3: 33 (1917).
Quercus pseudoglauca H.Lév. ex Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 3: 33 (1917).
Quercus quelpaertensis H.Lév. ex Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 3: 33 (1917).
Quercus acuta var. acutiformis Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 504 (1927).
Quercus acuta var. yanagidae Makino, J. Jap. Bot. 5: 28 (1928).
Quercus kasaiensis H.Lév. ex Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 10: 122 (1929), pro syn.
Cyclobalanopsis acuta var. acutiformis (Nakai) Kudô & Masam., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 20: 161 (1930).
Cyclobalanopsis acuta var. yanagidae (Makino) Kudô & Masam., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 20: 161 (1930).
Cyclobalanopsis acuta f. albivena Nakai, J. Jap. Bot. 15: 196 (1939).
Cyclobalanopsis acuta f. rosivena Nakai, J. Jap. Bot. 15: 196 (1939).
Cyclobalanopsis acutiformis (Nakai) Nakai, J. Jap. Bot. 15: 197 (1939).
Cyclobalanopsis acuta var. megaphylla Hayashi, J. Jap. Bot. 29: 149 (1954).
Quercus acuta f. lanceolata Hatus., J. Jap. Bot. 29: 232 (1954).
Cyclobalanopsis acutiformis f. yanagidae (Makino) Honda, Nom. Pl. Jap., ed. 2: 377 (1957).
Cyclobalanopsis acuta f. megaphylla (Hayashi) Sugim., New Keys Jap. Trees: 459 (1961).
Quercus acuta f. acutiformis (Nakai) H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 81: 250 (2006).

Hybrids

Quercus × takaoyamensis

Homonyms

Quercus acuta Siebold ex Blume = Lithocarpus glaber (Thunb.) Nakai
Quercus acuta Raf. = Quercus coccinea Münchh.
Quercus acuta Buch.-Ham. ex Wall. = Castanopsis tribuloides (Sm.) A.DC.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Asia-Temperate
Regional: China
China Southeast
Regional: Eastern Asia
Japan, Korea, Taiwan

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References
Primary references

Thunberg, C.P. in J. A. Murray 1784. Systema Vegetabilium. Editio decima quarta :858.
Thunberg, C.P. 1784. Flora japonica sistens plantas insularum japonicarum secundum systema sexuale emendatum redactas ad XX classes, ordines, genera et species ... : cum ... 39 iconibus adiectis. BHL Reference page. : 175.

Additional references

Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Deng, M., Li, Q., Coombes, A. & Xu, J. (2013). Typification of Quercus acuta Thunb. and Q. glauca Thunb. (Fagaceae) Phytotaxa 137: 27-34.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Quercus acuta in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Jun 27. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Quercus acuta in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Jun 27. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Quercus acuta. Published online. Accessed: Jun 27 2021.
Tropicos.org 2021. Quercus acuta. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Jun 27.
Hassler, M. 2021. Quercus acuta. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Jun 27. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2021. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Quercus acuta. Accessed: 27 Jun 2021.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Quercus acuta in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Quercus acuta, the Japanese evergreen oak, is an oak native to Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and China's Guizhou Province and Guangdong Province.[3]

Description

Due to its foliage and habitat, it looks rather unlike most other oaks. Quercus acuta is usually bushy and densely domed, reaching a height of 14 meters. The bark is smooth and dark grey. Leaves are dark and glossy above and yellowish beneath. They narrow to a long, finely-rounded tip. The flowers are on a stiff 5 cm catkin.

Heartwood is pale reddish brown to reddish brown. Sapwood is pale yellowish brown with a slightly reddish color.[4]
Common names

In Japan, it is called akagashi (赤樫 - あかがし), but is also known by the names oogashi (大樫 - オオガシ) and oobagashi (大葉樫 - オオバガシ).[5] [6]

In the Korean language, it is 붉가시.
Uses

Like shirakashi (白樫 - しらかし) (Quercus myrsinifolia), whose wood is often called shirokashi outside of Japan, and other related sub-genera, Japanese Evergreen Oak, or akagashi, is a preferred choice for Japanese martial arts practice weapons such as bokken.[7][8] This is due to its uniformly tight grain structure resulting from its continuous growing season. It should not be confused with the oriental or Asian white oak, Quercus aliena.
References

Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2018). "Quercus acuta". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 208. e.T62005627A13677623. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T62005627A136776235.en.
The Plant List, Quercus acuta Thunb.
"Quercus acuta"Oaks of the World Accessed 8 April 2011.
木材図鑑 - Picture Book of Woods [1] Accessed 22 March 2017. (in Japanese)
TSUYUZAKI Shiro's Plant List - Hokkaido University
植物和名ー学名インデックス YList - The YList Botanical Name - Scientific Name Index [2] Accessed 22 March 2017. (in Japanese)
Zaimoku - Wood for Weapons [3] Accessed 22 March 2017.
James Goedkoop: "Woods for Training Weapons". Aikiweb [4] Accessed 10 November 2012.