Prosopis africana

Seeds of Prosopis africana

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Fabales

Familia: Fabaceae
Subfamilia: Caesalpinioideae
Tribus: Mimoseae
Genus: Prosopis
Species: Prosopis africana
Name

Prosopis africana (Guill. etal.) Taub.
References

H. G. A. Engler & K. A. E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(3):119. 1892
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. [1]

Vernacular names
English: African mesquite, Iron wood

Prosopis africana is a flowering plant species in the genus Fabaceae. It is found in Africa. Its common names include African mesquite, iron tree, gele (Malinke) (traditional djembe wood) or somb tree.

In the Serer creation myth, it is one of the sacred trees that grew not just first, but also within the primordial swamp on Earth.

Seeds of P. africana are used in Nigeria to prepare daddawa,[2] kpaye[3] or okpeye,[4] fermented products used as food condiments. Several species of bacteria especially Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus spp. were found to be the most actively involved organisms in the production of okpiye.[5] Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes of selected strains representative of the major clusters revealed that the Bacillus strains associated with okpehe fermentation were B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. cereus and B. licheniformis (in decreasing order of incidence). The presence of enterotoxin genes in all B. cereus strains was demonstrated by multiplex PCR. The high incidence of detection (20%) of possibly pathogenic B. cereus strains that contained enterotoxin genes indicated that these fermented foods may constitute a potential health risk.[6]

The seeds also produce a gum.[7]

The plant produces the alkaloids prosopine and prosopinine.[8]
References

Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. (2019). "Prosopis africana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T62027748A148988867. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T62027748A148988867.en. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
Barminas, J.T.; Maina, H.M.; Ali, J. (1998). "Nutrient content of Prosopis africana seeds". Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 52 (4): 325–328. doi:10.1023/A:1008045218320. PMID 10426119.
Omafuvbe, B.O; Abiose, S.H; Adaraloye, O.O (1999). "The production of 'Kpaye' – a fermented condiment from Prosopis africana (Guill and Perr) Taub. Seeds". International Journal of Food Microbiology. 51 (2–3): 183–186. doi:10.1016/S0168-1605(99)00088-4. PMID 10574093.
Obeta, J.A.N.; Ugwuanyi, M.A.A (1996). "Microbiology of the production of okpeye, a condiment from seeds of Prosopis africana Taub". Tropical Science. 36 (48): 206–210.
Achi, O. K. (1992). "Microorganisms associated with natural fermentation of Prosopis africana seeds for the production of okpiye". Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 42 (4): 297–304. doi:10.1007/BF02194090. PMID 1438073.
Oguntoyinbo, FA; Huch, M; Cho, GS; Schillinger, U; Holzapfel, WH; Sanni, AI; Franz, CM (2010). "Diversity of bacillus species isolated from okpehe, a traditional fermented soup condiment from Nigeria". Journal of Food Protection. 73 (5): 870–878. doi:10.4315/0362-028X-73.5.870. PMID 20501038.
Adikwu, MU; Ezeabasili, SI; Esimone, CO (2001). "Evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of a new polysaccharide gum from Prosopis africana". Bollettino Chimico Farmaceutico. 140 (1): 40–45. PMID 11338777.
Ratle, G; Monseur, X; Das, BC; Yassi, J; Khuong-Huu, Q; Goutarel, R (1966). "Prosopine and prosopinine alkaloids of Prosopis africana (Guill and Perr) Taub. (Preliminary note)". Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France (in French). 9: 2945–2947. PMID 5992092.