Polygala

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Fabales

Familia: Polygalaceae
Tribus: Polygaleae
Genus: Polygala
Species
Accepted species

P. aboriginum – P. abreui – P. abyssinica – P. acicularis – P. acorensis – P. adamsonii – P. adenophora – P. adenophylla – P. afra – P. africana – P. alba – P. alpestris – P. altomontana – P. amara – P. amarella – P. amatymbica – P. ambigua – P. amboniensis – P. anatolica – P. andensis – P. anderssonii. – P. andringitrensis – P. angolensis – P. ankaratrensis – P. antunesii – P. aparinoides – P. aphylla – P. apparicioi – P. appendiculata – P. appressa – P. arcuata – P. arenaria – P. arenicola – P. argentea – P. arillata – P. arvensis – P. arvicola – P. asbestina – P. aschersoniana – P. aspalatha – P. asperuloides – P. atropurpurea – P. australis – P. azizsancarii – P. baetica – P. baikiei – P. bakeriana – P. balduinii – P. barbellata – P. bariensis – P. baumii – P. bawanglingensis – P. berlandieri – P. bevilacquai – P. bocainensis – P. boissieri – P. boliviensis – P. bomiensis – P. bonariensis – P. bowkerae – P. boykinii – P. brachyphylla – P. bracteata – P. bracteola – P. brasiliensis – P. brevifolia – P. britteniana – P. bryoides – P. bulbothrix – P. butyracea – P. buxiformis – P. calcarea – P. campestris – P. capillaris – P. carnea – P. carnosicaulis – P. carphoides – P. ceciliana – P. celosioides – P. chamaecyparis – P. chapmanii – P. chinensis – P. cisandina – P. citrina – P. cneorum – P. comosa – P. compressa – P. conferta – P. conosperma – P. coriacea – P. coridifolia – P. crenata – P. cristata – P. crotalarioides – P. crucianelloides – P. cruciata – P. curtissii – P. cuspidata – P. cymosa – P. cyparissias – P. dasanensis – P. dasyphylla – P. debeckiana – P. declina – P. deflorata – P. densifolia – P. densiracemosa – P. dewevrei – P. didyma – P. duarteana – P. dunniana – P. effusa – P. ehlersii – P. elegans – P. elongata – P. emirnensis – P. engleriana – P. ephedroides – P. equisetoides – P. ericaefolia – P. erioptera – P. erubescens – P. exelliana – P. fallax – P. fendleri – P. fernandesiana – P. fischeri – P. fontellana – P. fragilis – P. franchetii – P. franciscii – P. fruticosa – P. galapageia – P. galioides – P. ganguelensis – P. garcinii – P. gawenensis – P. gazensis – P. gerrardii – P. gilletiana – P. gilletii – P. glaziovii – P. globulifera – P. glochidata – P. glochidiata – P. goetzei – P. gomesiana – P. gondarensis – P. gossweileri – P. goudahensis – P. gracilenta – P. gracilipes – P. gracilis – P. grandidieri – P. grazielae – P. greveana – P. guerichiana – P. guineensis – P. guneri – P. gymnoclada – P. gypsophila – P. hainanensis – P. hamarensis – P. harleyi – P. hecatantha – P. hemipterocarpa – P. herbiola – P. hildebrandtii – P. hispida – P. hohenackeriana – P. homblei – P. hongkongensis – P. hookeri – P. hottentotta – P. houtboshiana – P. huillensis – P. humbertii – P. humifusa – P. hybrida – P. hygrophila – P. iana – P. illepida – P. iloensis – P. incarnata – P. inexpectata – P. irregularis – P. irwinii – P. jacobii – P. japonica – P. javana – P. jefensis – P. judithea – P. juncea – P. kalaboensis – P. kalaxariensis – P. karensium – P. kasikensis – P. kassii – P. kilimandjarica – P. koi – P. krumanina – P. lacei – P. lactiflora – P. lancifolia – P. langebergensis – P. lasiosepala – P. latipela – P. latouchei – P. laxifolia – P. lecardii – P. leendertziae – P. lehmanniana – P. leptocaulis – P. leptophylla – P. leptostachys – P. lewtonii – P. lhunzeensis – P. lijiangensis – P. limae – P. linarifolia – P. linoides – P. loanzensis – P. longicaulis – P. longifolia – P. longiracemosa – P. ludwigiana – P. luenensis – P. lutea – P. luteo-viridis – P. lycopodioides – P. macowaniana – P. macroptera – P. macrostachya – P. macrostigma – P. maguirei – P. major – P. malmeana – P. mandonii – P. marensis – P. mariana – P. mathusiana – P. matogrossensis – P. melilotoides – P. membranacea – P. mendoncae – P. meonantha – P. merenskiana – P. meridionalis – P. mesmbuziensis – P. microlopha – P. microphylla – P. minarum – P. minima – P. minuta – P. molluginifolia – P. monopetala – P. monosperma – P. monspeliaca – P. mooneyi – P. moquiniana – P. mosmedensis – P. mossii – P. multiceps – P. multiflora – P. multifurca – P. muratii – P. myriantha – P. myrtifolia – P. myrtillopsis – P. nambalensis – P. nana – P. nematocaulis – P. nematophylla – P. nemoralis – P. nicaeensis – P. nsibarensis – P. nudicaulis – P. nuttallii – P. nyikensis – P. obovata – P. obtusissima – P. ohlendorfiana – P. oligosperma – P. oliveriana – P. oppositifolia – P. pallida – P. paludicola – P. panamensis – P. paniculata – P. papilionacea – P. pappeana – P. parkeri – P. patens – P. pearcei – P. pearcei – P. peduncularis – P. peplis – P. perrieri – P. persicariifolia – P. peruviana – P. peshmenii – P. petitiana – P. poaya – P. poggei – P. polifolia – P. polygama – P. polymorpha – P. pottebergensis – P. praetermissa – P. praticola – P. producta – P. pruinosa – P. pseudocoelosioides – P. pseudocoriacea – P. pseudoerica – P. pseudosericea – P. pseudovariabilis – P. pteropoda – P. pubiflora – P. pulchella – P. pumila – P. punctata – P. ramosa – P. rarifolia – P. recognita – P. refracta – P. regnellii – P. rehmannii – P. reinii – P. remoides – P. remota – P. resedoides – P. resendeana – P. retiefiana – P. revoluta – P. rhinostigma – P. rhysocarpa – P. rigens – P. rigida – P. riograndensis – P. rivularis – P. robsonii – P. robusta – P. rodrigueana – P. rojasii – P. rosea – P. rosmarinifolia – P. roubienna – P. rugelii – P. rupestris – P. rupicola – P. ruwenzoriensis – P. salviniana – P. sancti-georgii – P. sanguinea – P. saprophytica – P. scabra – P. schinziana – P. schoenlankii – P. schweinfurthii – P. scoparioides – P. sedoides – P. selaginoides – P. seleri – P. sellowiana – P. seminuda – P. senega – P. senensis – P. septentrionalis – P. sericea – P. serpentaria – P. serpyllifolia – P. setacea – P. sibirica – P. sincorensis – P. smallii – P. somaliensis – P. sparsiflora – P. sphenoptera – P. stenopetala – P. stephaniana – P. steudneri – P. stocksiana – P. stricta – P. subandina – P. subdioica – P. subopposita – P. subtilis – P. subverticillata – P. suganumae – P. supina – P. tacianae – P. tamariscea – P. telephium – P. tenuicaulis – P. tenuifolia – P. tenuis – P. teretifolia – P. timoutoides – P. timoutou – P. tinctoria – P. tisserantii – P. torrei – P. transcaucasica – P. transvaalensis – P. tricholopha – P. trichoptera – P. trichosperma – P. triflora – P. trifurcata – P. triquetra – P. tuberculata – P. turcica – P. ufuensis – P. umbellata – P. uncina – P. vatkeana – P. venenosa – P. venulosa – P. verticillata – P. virgata – P. vittata – P. vollii – P. vulgaris – P. welwitschii – P. wenxianensis – P. westii – P. wettsteinii – P. wightiana – P. wilmsii – P. wittebergensis – P. wittei – P. woodii – P. wurdackiana – P. wuzhishanensis – P. xanthina – P. youngii – P. zambesiaca

Artificial Nothospecies: P. × dalmaisiana
Names in synonymy

P. acanthoclada – P. aculeata – P. acuminata – P. albicans – P. albowiana – P. ambigens – P. americana – P. andina – P. andreana – P. angustifolia – P. apocarpa – P. apopetala – P. aureocauda – P. autranii – P. bahamensis – P. bahiensis – P. balansae – P. bangiana – P. barbeyana – P. bennae – P. bennettii – P. beyrichii – P. bicolor – P. birmanica – P. blanchetii – P. brachistachyos – P. brizoides – P. buxifolia – P. cabrae – P. californica – P. camporum – P. caracasana – P. cardiocarpa – P. carnosa – P. carrissoana – P. caudata – P. cernua – P. cestrifolia – P. chamaebuxus – P. cinerea – P. collina – P. columbica – P. comesperma – P. communis – P. corallicola – P. cornuta – P. costaricensis – P. cowellii – P. cubensis – P. cumulicola – P. cuneata – P. decumbens – P. desertorum – P. dichotoma – P. dichroma – P. dimorphophylla – P. diversa – P. diversifolia – P. domingensis – P. dukei – P. dunaliana – P. echinosperma – P. engleri – P. erythrorrhiza – P. eucosma – P. extraaxillaris – P. fimbriata – P. fishiae – P. flabellata – P. floribunda – P. forbesii – P. formosa – P. fuertesii – P. furcata – P. galmeri – P. galpinii – P. genistoides – P. genistopsis – P. gigantea – P. glabra – P. glandulosa – P. glandulosopilosa – P. glaucescens – P. glumacea – P. grandiflora – P. grandifolia – P. greggii – P. guantanamana – P. guatemalensis – P. guimaraensii – P. gymnosepala – P. hassleriana – P. hebantha – P. hebecarpa – P. hebeclada – P. heterophylla – P. heteroptera – P. heterorhyncha – P. hilariana – P. hirsuta – P. hispidula – P. hondurana – P. huberiana – P. hyalina – P. hyssopifolia – P. ignatii – P. ilheotica – P. insignis – P. intermedia – P. intermontana – P. isocarpa – P. jaliscana – P. klotzschii – P. krugii – P. laeta – P. lanceolata – P. laureola – P. ligustroides – P. lindenii – P. lindheimeri – P. lindmaniana – P. lithophila – P. longa – P. macradenia – P. madrensis – P. malesiana – P. mannii – P. maravillasensis – P. mariesii – P. maritima – P. marquesiana – P. martiana – P. martinellii – P. miamiensis – P. minutifolia – P. mollis – P. monninoides – P. montana – P. monticola – P. muhlenbergii – P. munbyana – P. myrtilloides – P. neomexicana – P. nicaraguensis – P. nitens – P. nitida – P. nudata – P. nudicapsula – P. oblongata – P. obscura – P. oleifolia – P. opaca – P. opima – P. orobus – P. orthotricha – P. ovalifolia – P. ovata – P. ovatifolia – P. oxyphylla – P. pachyrrhiza – P. palmeri – P. parietaria – P. parryi – P. parvifolia – P. pauciflora – P. paucifolia – P. pauciramosa – P. pavonii – P. pedicellaris – P. pellucida – P. penaea – P. phlebotaenia – P. piauhiensis – P. piliophora – P. planellasii – P. platycarpa – P. pohliana – P. portoricensis – P. propinqua – P. pseudohebeclada – P. puberula – P. pubescens – P. pulcherrima – P. punctifera – P. purpusii – P. racemosa – P. rectipilis – P. reducta – P. resinosa – P. retifera – P. rhodoptera – P. rimulicola – P. rivinifolia – P. robinsonii – P. rusbyi – P. salicifolia – P. salicina – P. sancta-luciae – P. santosii – P. saxicola – P. scabridula – P. scleroxylon – P. scopulorum – P. securidaca – P. serpens – P. sickii – P. sinaloensis – P. sinuata – P. smithii – P. spartioides – P. spectabilis – P. sphaerospora – P. stellera – P. stipitata – P. stipulata – P. straminea – P. subspinosa – P. tatarinowii – P. tehuacana – P. tenuiloba – P. tobatiensis – P. tonsa – P. torreyi – P. tovariensis – P. translucida – P. triphylla – P. tweedyi – P. ulei – P. umbonata – P. urbani – P. vagans – P. vauthieri – P. vayredae – P. velutina – P. violacea – P. violoides – P. warmingiana – P. wattersii – P. webbiana – P. wittrockiana – P. wrightii – P. xyloclada
Name

Polygala L., Sp. Pl. 2: 701 (1753); Gen Pl., ed. 5: 315 (1754).

Type species: Polygala vulgaris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 701 (1753)
Lectotype designated by M.L. Green in A.S. Hitchcock & M.L. Green, Standard species of Linnaean genera of Phanerogamae (1753–1754). 173. In Nom. Prop. Brit. Bot.

References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 701. Reference page.
Linnaeus, C. 1754. Genera Plantarum, ed. 5: 315. Reference page.

Additional references

Abbott, J.R. 2011. Notes on the disintegration of Polygala (Polygalaceae) with four new genera for the flora of North America. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5: 125–137. BHL JSTOR Reference page.
Figueiredo, E., Smith, G.F. & Paiva, J. 2013. A checklist of Polygala (Polygalaceae) in the Flora of Southern Africa region with notes on types. Phytotaxa 155(1): 1-22. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.155.1.1 Paywall PDF Reference page.
Hitchcock, A.S. & Green, M.L. 1929. Standard species of Linnaean genera of Phanerogamae (1753–1754). pp. 111–195 in International Botanical Congress. Cambridge (England), 1930. Nomenclature. Proposals by British Botanists. His Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Biblioteca Digital Reference page.
Chen Shukun, Ma Haiying & Parnell, J.A.N. 2008. Polygalaceae. Pp. 139–159 in Wu Zhengyi, Raven, P.H. & Hong Deyuan (eds.), Flora of China, Vol. 11, Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae. Science Press, Beijing; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3. PDF Online Reference page.
Paiva, J.A.R. 1998. Polygalarum africanarum et madagascariensium prodromus atque gerontogaei generis Heterosamara Kuntze, a genere Polygala L. segregati et a nobis denuo recepti, synopsis monographica. Fontqueria 50: I–VI, 1–346. PDF Reference page.

Links

International Plant Names Index. 2016. Polygala. Published online. Accessed: Oct. 12 2016.
Tropicos.org 2016. Polygala. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 12 Oct. 2016.
Tropicos.org: Flora Mesoamericana: Polygala. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 14 Oct. 2016.
Tropicos.org: Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of the Department of Antioquia (Colombia): Polygala. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 16 Oct. 2016.
Tropicos.org: Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador: Polygala. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 16 Oct. 2016.
Tropicos.org: Peru Checklist: Polygala. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 16 Oct. 2016.
Tropicos.org: Bolivia Catalogue: Polygala. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 16 Oct 2016.
Polygala in Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Accessed: 15 Oct. 2016.
African Plants Database (version 3.4.0). Polygala. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Accessed: 2016 Oct. 11.

Vernacular names
العربية: بوليجالا
azərbaycanca: Südotu
žemaitėška: Potokšlė
башҡортса: Сысҡанҡойроҡ
български: Телчарка
català: Polígala
čeština: vítod, zimostrázek
dansk: Mælkeurt
Deutsch: Kreuzblumen
English: Milkwort, Snakeroots
eesti: Vahulill
فارسی: شیرآور
suomi: Linnunruohot
hornjoserbsce: Křižnička
հայերեն: Կաթնախոտ
日本語: ヒメハギ属
한국어: 원지속
lietuvių: Putokšlė
norsk: Blåfjærslekten
polski: Krzyżownica
русский: Истод
slovenčina: horčinka, krušpánovec
svenska: Jungfrulinsläktet
Türkçe: Süt otu
українська: Китятки
中文: 远志属