Parnassia

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Celastrales

Familia: Celastraceae
Subfamilia: Parnassioideae
Genus: Parnassia
Sectiones: P. sect. Allolobos – P. sect. Cladoparnassia – P. sect. Fimbripetalum – P. sect. Nectarobilobos – P. sect. Nectaroquinquelobos – P. sect. Nectarotrilobos – P. sect. Odontohymen – P. sect. Parnassia – P. sect. Saxifragastrum

Species: (50–70 spp.) P. alpicola – P. amoena – P. angustipetala – P. asarifolia – P. bifolia – P. brevistyla – P. cabulica – P. cacuminum – P. californica – P. caroliniana – P. chengkouensis – P. chinensis – P. cirrata – P. cooperi – P. cordata – P. crassifolia – P. davidii – P. degeensis – P. delavayi – P. deqenensis – P. dilatata – P. epunctulata – P. esquirolii – P. faberi – P. farreri – P. filchneri – P. fimbriata – P. foliosa – P. gansuensis – P. glauca – P. grandifloria – P. guilinensis – P. humilis – P. kangdingensis – P. kotzebuei – P. kumaonica – P. labiata – P. lanceolata – P. laxmannii – P. leptophylla – P. lijiangensis – P. longipetala – P. longipetaloides – P. longshengensis – P. lutea – P. monochoriifolia – P. mysorensis – P. noemiae – P. nubicola – P. obovata – P. omeiensis – P. oreophila – P. palustris – P. perciliata – P. petitmenginii – P. procul – P. pusilla – P. qinghaiensis – P. rhombipetala – P. scaposa – P. siamensis – P. simaoensis – P. submysorensis – P. subscaposa – P. tenella – P. tibetana – P. townsendii – P. trinervis – P. vanensis – P. venusta – P. viridiflora – P. wightiana – P. xinganensis – P. yanyuanensis – P. yiliangensis – P. yui – P. yulongshanensis – P. yunnanensis

Source(s) of checklist:

Hassler, M. 2019. Parnassia. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2019 October 05. Reference page.

Name

Parnassia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 273. 1753.

Type species: Parnassia palustris L.

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Enneadynamis Bubani, Fl. Pyrenaea 3: 109. 1901, nom. illeg.
Type species: Enneadynamis polonorum Bubani, nom. illeg.

References

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 273. Reference page.

Links

Hassler, M. 2019. Parnassia. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2019 October 05. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Parnassia in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 October 05. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Parnassia. Published online. Accessed: October 05 2019.
Tropicos.org 2019. Parnassia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 05 October 2019.

Vernacular names
čeština: tolije
Deutsch: Herzblatt
English: Grass of Parnassus, Bog-stars
suomi: Vilukot
日本語: ウメバチソウ
norsk nynorsk: Jåblomslekta
norsk: Jåblomsslekta/jåblomsslekten
polski: Dziewięciornik
русский: Белозор
slovenčina: bielokvet

The genus Parnassia, also known as grass of Parnassus or bog-stars, are plants now placed in the family Celastraceae,[3][4] formerly classified in Parnassiaceae or Saxifragaceae. The plants occur in arctic and alpine habitats, as well as in dune systems and fens, swamps, wet meadows, open seepage areas, moist woods, and across the Northern Hemisphere. It is actually not a grass, but an herbaceous dicot. The stalk of the plant can reach up to 200 millimeters (8 in), the leaves up to 100 mm (4 in) and the petals can be up to 36 mm (1.4 in) wide. The flower has five white petals with light green venation. There are five three-pronged sterile stamens, each tipped with drop-like false nectaries, which (along with the visual cue of veins) attract pollinating flies and bees.

Some species are often found in wet calcareous habitats with low fertility, low canopy cover, and high plant diversity.[5] Parnassia glauca is considered to be an indicator species of fens in New York State.[6] Such habitats are often becoming rare, and so species of Parnassia may have high conservation value. For example Parnassia palustris is threatened and legally protected in Michigan[7] while Parnassia caroliniana is considered imperiled in North Carolina.[8]

Parnassus flowers are the symbol of the Clan MacLea, also known as the highland Livingstone clan, and said to be the favorite flower of St. Moluag, the Irish missionary whose staff the clan chiefs hold.[9] Three Grass of Parnassus flowers appear on the Flag of Cumberland, a British county, since that flower grows on Cumberland's lofty fells.[10]

Species include:

Parnassia asarifolia
Parnassia cabulica
Parnassia caroliniana
Parnassia californica
Parnassia cirrata
Parnassia fimbriata
Parnassia foliosa
Parnassia glauca
Parnassia grandifolia
Parnassia kotzebuei
Parnassia palustris
Parnassia parviflora

Parnassia parviflora
References

"Parnassiaceae". Flora of Pakistan.
"Parnassia". Flora of China.
"Parnassia L." Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
"Parnassia". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
Moore, Dwayne R. J.; Keddy, Paul A. (1988). "The relationship between species richness and standing crop in wetlands: the importance of scale". Vegetatio. 79 (1–2): 99–106. doi:10.1007/BF00044853. JSTOR 20038396.
Godwin, Kevin S.; Shallenberger, James P.; Leopold, Donald J.; Bedford, Barbara L. (December 2002). "Linking landscape properties to local hydrogeologic gradients and plant species occurrence in minerotrophic fens of New York State, USA: A Hydrogeologic Setting (HGS) framework". Wetlands. 22 (4): 722–737. doi:10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0722:LLPTLH]2.0.CO;2.
Michigan Natural Features Inventory. "Parnassia palustris (Marsh grass-of-parnassus) - MNFI Rare Species Explorer". Mnfi.anr.msu.edu. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
North Carolina Native Plant Society. "Plant Details - Parnassia caroliniana". NCwildflower.org. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
MacLea, Clan. "Warrant for Letters Patent". Clanmclea.co.uk. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
Young, Robert. "Civic Heraldry of England and Wales - Cumberland". Civicheraldry.co.uk. Retrieved March 1, 2015.