Ononis

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Fabales

Familia: Fabaceae
Subfamilia: Faboideae
Tribus: Trifolieae
Genus: Ononis
Species (88): O. adenotricha – O. afghanica – O. alba – O. alopecuroides – O. angustissima – O. antennata – O. aragonensis – O. arvensis – O. atlantica – O. aurasiaca – O. avellana – O. azcaratei – O. baetica – O. basiadnata – O. biflora – O. breviflora – O. broteriana – O. catalinae – O. cephalantha – O. cephalotes – O. christii – O. cintrana – O. clausonis – O. cossoniana – O. crinita – O. crispa – O. cristata – O. cuatrecasasii – O. dentata – O. diffusa – O. euphrasiifolia – O. filicaulis – O. fruticosa – O. gines-lopezii – O. hackelii – O. hebecarpa – O. hesperia – O. hirta – O. hispida – O. incisa – O. jahandiezii – O. laxiflora – O. leucotricha – O. macrosperma – O. maweana – O. megalostachys – O. minutissima – O. mitissima – O. mogadorensis – O. natrix – O. nuristanica – O. oligophylla – O. ornithopodioides – O. pedicellaris – O. pendula – O. peyerimhoffii – O. phyllocephala – O. pinnata – O. polyphylla – O. polysperma – O. pseudoserotina – O. pubescens – O. pusilla – O. ramosissima – O. reclinata – O. rentonarensis – O. reuteri – O. rosea – O. rotundifolia – O. serotina – O. serrata – O. sessilifolia – O. sicula – O. sieberi – O. speciosa – O. spinosa – O. striata – O. talaverae – O. tazaensis – O. thomsonii – O. tournefortii – O. tridentata – O. unifoliolata – O. vaginalis – O. varelae – O. variegata – O. verae – O. villosissima – O. viscosa – O. zygantha

Nothospecies: O. × schouwii

Name

Ononis L., Sp. Pl. 2: 716 (1753); Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 321 (1754).

Type species: Ononis spinosa L. (lectotypus, designated by M.L. Green, Prop. Brit. Bot. 174 (1929))

Synonyms

Homotypic
Anonis Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4 (1754), BHL
Heterotypic
Bonaga Medik., Vorles. Churpf. Phys. Ges. 2: 345 (1787).
Bugranopsis Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 171 (1874).
Natrix Moench, Meth. 158 (1794).
Passaea Adans., Fam. 2: 509 (1763).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
Regional: Northern Europe
Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden
Regional: Middle Europe
Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland
Regional: Southwestern Europe
Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain
Regional: Southeastern Europe
Albania, Bulgaria, Greece,itzerland.html">Switzerland, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia
Regional: Eastern Europe
Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine
Continental: Africa
Regional: Northern Africa
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara
Regional: Macaronesia
Canary Islands, Madeira
Regional: West Tropical Africa
Mauritania
Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa
Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia
Regional: East Tropical Africa
Kenya
Continental: Asia-Temperate
Regional: Siberia
Altay, West Siberia
Regional: Middle Asia
Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan
Regional: Caucasus
North Caucasus, Transcaucasus
Regional: Western Asia
Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey
Regional: Arabian Peninsula
Gulf States, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
Regional: China
Tibet, Xinjiang
Continental: Asia-Tropical
Regional: Indian Subcontinent
India, Pakistan, West Himalaya
Continental: Australasia
Regional: Australia
Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria (introduced)
Regional: New Zealand
New Zealand North, New Zealand South (introduced)
Continental: Northern America
Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
Illinois (introduced)
Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
New York (introduced)
Continental: Southern America
Regional: Southern South America
Uruguay (introduced).

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 716. Reference page.
Linnaeus, C. 1754. Genera Plantarum, ed. 5: 321. Reference page.

Additional references

Turini, F., Bräuchler, C. & Heubl, G. 2010. Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of morphological characters in Ononis L. (Fabaceae). Taxon 59(4): 1077–1090. DOI: 10.1002/tax.594008 JSTOR Reference page.
Devesa Alcaraz, J.A. 2000. Ononis. Pp. 175–179 in Castroviejo, S., Talavera, S., Aedo, C., Herrero, A., Romero Zarco, C., Salgueiro, F.J. & Velayos Rodríguez, M. (eds.) , Flora Ibérica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Vol. VII(2). Leguminosae (partim). pp i–xx + 579–1119. Real Jardín Botánico, C.S.I.C., Madrid. ISBN 84-00-07882-9 PDF. Reference page.
Devesa Alcaraz, J.A. 1996. Notas taxonómicas sobre el género Ononis L. (Fabaceae) para la flora de Marruecos. Acta Botanica Malacitana 21: 191–198. PDF Reference page.
Devesa Alcaraz, J.A. & López González, G. 1997. Nótas taxonómicas y nomenclaturales sobre el género Ononis (Leguminosae) en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 55(2): 245–260. PDF. Reference page.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. 2012. Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du Nord. Volume 4: Dicotyledoneae: Fabaceae – Nymphaeaceae. Conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève, ISBN 978-2-8277-0126-1, p. 131–155. PDF Online. Reference page.
Ibn Tattou, M. 2007. Ononis. Pp. 113–132 in Fennane, M., Ibn Tattou, M., Ouyahya, A. & El Oualidi, J. (eds.) , Flore Pratique du Maroc. Manuel de détermination des plantes vasculaires. Volume 2: Angiospermae (Leguminosae–Lentibulariaceae) (= Travaux de l'Institut Scientifique, Série Botanique. Vol. 38). Institut Scientifique, Université Mohammed V, Agdal, Rabat. ISBN 9954-8347-4-5. Reference page.
Širjaev, G.I. 1932. Generis Ononis L. revisio critica. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt. Zweite Abteilung 49(2–3): 381–665 + 4 plates. Biblioteca Digital Reference page.
Hitchcock, A.S. & Green, M.L. 1929. Standard species of Linnaean genera of Phanerogamae (1753–1754). pp. 111–195 in International Botanical Congress. Cambridge (England), 1930. Nomenclature. Proposals by British Botanists. His Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Biblioteca Digital Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Ononis in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Jun 12. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Ononis. Published online. Accessed: Jun 12 2021.
Tropicos.org 2021. Ononis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 12 Jun 2021.
Hassler, M. 2021. Ononis. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Jun 12. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2021. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Ononis. Accessed: 12 Jun 2021.
Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Ononis in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2021 Jun 12.

Vernacular names
العربية: شبرق
azərbaycanca: Paxlakolu
беларуская: Стальнік
български: Гръмотрън
čeština: Jehlice
dansk: Krageklo
Deutsch: Hauhecheln
English: Restharrows
eesti: Jooksjarohi
فارسی: لوبیای شیطان
suomi: Orakot
français: Bugrane
עברית: שברק
hornjoserbsce: Tryčk
հայերեն: Եզնարգել
қазақша: Қуаңдәрі
lietuvių: Dirvenis
македонски: Грмотрн, зајачки трн
Nederlands: Stalkruid
polski: Wilżyna
русский: Стальник
slovenčina: Ihlica
svenska: Puktörnesläktet
українська: Вовчуг
中文: 芒柄花属

Ononis is a large genus of perennial herbs and shrubs from the legume family Fabaceae. The members of this genus are often called restharrows as some species grow as weeds on arable lands whose tough stems would stop the harrow. They are natively distributed in Europe.

In herbalism restharrow is used to treat bladder and kidney problems and water retention.

The active ingredients in restharrow are essential oils, flavonoid-glycosides, and tannins.

Restharrows are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the grey pug and Coleophora ononidella (which feeds exclusively on O. arvensis).
Species of Ononis
O. arvensis
Ononis natrix, flowers and foliage

The genus Ononis includes the following accepted species:[3]

Ononis adenotricha Boiss.
Ononis alba Poir.
Ononis alopecuroides L., foxtail restharrow
Ononis angustissima Lam.
Ononis antiquorum L.
Ononis arvensis L., field restharrow
Ononis avellana Pomel
Ononis baetica Clemente
Ononis biflora Desf.
Ononis cossoniana Boiss. & Reut.
Ononis cristata Mill.
Ononis euphrasiifolia Desf.
Ononis fruticosa L.
Ononis inermis Pall.
Ononis mitissima L.
Ononis natrix L., large yellow restharrow
Ononis ornithopodioides L.
Ononis pubescens L.
Ononis pusilla L.
Ononis reclinata L., small restharrow
Ononis repens L., common restharrow
Ononis rotundifolia L.
Ononis serrata Forssk.
Ononis sicula Guss.
Ononis speciosa Lag.
Ononis spinosa L., spiny restharrow
Ononis subspicata Lag.
Ononis tridentata L.
Ononis vaginalis Vahl
Ononis variegata L.
Ononis viscosa L.

References

Woodgate, Katherine; Maxted, Nigel; Bennett, Sarita Jane (1996). "Genetic resources of Mediterranean pasture and forage legumes". In Bennett, Sarita Jane; Cocks, Philip Stanley (eds.). Genetic resources of Mediterranean pasture and forage legumes. Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture. Vol. 33. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 205. ISBN 0-7923-5522-9.
"Genus Nomenclature in GRIN". Retrieved 2010-07-09.
"Species Nomenclature in GRIN". Archived from the original on 2008-10-14. Retrieved 2010-08-04.