Onagraceae

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Myrtales

Familia: Onagraceae
Subfamiliae: Ludwigioideae – Onagroideae

Name

Onagraceae Juss., 1789,nom. cons.

Type genus: Onagra Mill., nom. illeg. = Oenothera
L.

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Circaeaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Přir. Rostlin: 232. Jan-Apr 1820.
Type genus: Circaea L.
Epilobiaceae Vent., Tabl. Règne Vég. 3: 307. 5 Mai 1799.
Type genus: Epilobium L.
Fuchsiaceae Lilja, Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 846, 980. Apr-Dec 1870.
Type genus: Fuchsia L.
Isnardiaceae Martinov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 348. 3 Aug 1820.
Type genus: Isnardia L.
Jussiaeaceae Martinov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 350. 3 Aug 1820.
Type genus: Jussiaea L.
Lopeziaceae Lilja, Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 980. Apr-Dec 1870.
Type genus: Lopezia Cav.
Oenotheraceae C.C. Robin, Voy. Int. Louisiane 3: 489. 14-21 Dec 1807.
Type genus: Oenothera L.

Genera overview

Camissonia – Camissoniopsis – Chamaenerion – Chylismia – Chylismiella – Circaea – Clarkia – Epilobium – Eremothera – Eulobus – Fuchsia – Gayophytum – Gongylocarpus – Hauya – Lopezia – Ludwigia – Megacorax – Neoholmgrenia – Oenothera – Taraxia – Tetrapteron – Xylonagra
References

Jussieu, A.L. de 1789. Genera Plantarum: 317.
Hoch, P.C. & Wagner, W.L., 2006. Toward a new classification for Onagraceae. Botany 2006 Abstracts. Botanical Society of America, St. Louis, p.226.
Stevens, P.F. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since]. Online. Reference page.
Wagner, W.L., Hoch, P.C. & Raven, P.H. 2007. Revised Classification of the Onagraceae. Systematic Botany Monographs 83: 1–240. JSTOR PDF Reference page.
Wagner, W.L. & Hoch, P.C. 2009. Nomenclatural Corrections in Onagraceae. Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 19(1): 130-132. DOI: 10.3417/2008083 Full text PDF from ResearchGate Reference page.
Wagner, W.L. & Hoch, P.C. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family website

Vernacular names
العربية: أخدرية (فصيلة)
asturianu: Onagracees
беларуская: Скрыпнёвыя
български: Върболикови
català: Onagràcia
čeština: Pupalkovité
dansk: Natlys-familien
Deutsch: Nachtkerzengewächse
English: Willowherb family, evening primrose family
Esperanto: Enoteracoj
español: Onagráceas
eesti: Pajulillelised
euskara: Onagraceae
فارسی: گل‌مغربیان
suomi: Horsmakasvit
français: Onagracées, Oenothéracées
עברית: נר-הלילה (משפחה)
hrvatski: Pupoljkovke
hornjoserbsce: Rěpnicowe rostliny
magyar: Ligetszépefélék
հայերեն: Ապուզանազգիներ, իշախոտազգիներ
日本語: アカバナ科
қазақша: Күреңоттар тұқымдасы
한국어: 바늘꽃과
lietuvių: Nakvišiniai
македонски: Ноќничиња
മലയാളം: ഒനാഗ്രേസി
кырык мары: Войтун йишвлӓ
Nederlands: Teunisbloemachtigen
norsk: Mjølkefamilien
polski: Wiesiołkowate
Runa Simi: Yawarch'unqa yura rikch'aq ayllu
русский: Кипрейные
slovenčina: Pupalkovité
svenska: Dunörtsväxter
ไทย: วงศ์พญารากดำ
українська: Кипрейні
Tiếng Việt: Họ Anh thảo chiều
中文: 柳葉菜科

The Onagraceae are a family of flowering plants known as the willowherb family or evening primrose family. They include about 650 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees[3] in 17 genera.[4] The family is widespread, occurring on every continent from boreal to tropical regions.

The family includes a number of popular garden plants, including evening primroses (Oenothera) and fuchsias (Fuchsia). Some, particularly the willowherbs (Epilobium), are common weeds in gardens and rapidly colonize disturbed habitats in the wild. One such species is fireweed (Chamaenerion angustifolium).

The family is characterised by flowers with usually four sepals and petals; in some genera, such as Fuchsia, the sepals are as brightly coloured as the petals.

The seeds are generally very small. In some genera, such as Epilobium, they have tufts of hairs[5] and are dispersed on the wind. In others, such as Fuchsia, the seeds develop in juicy berries dispersed by animals. The leaves are commonly opposite or whorled, but are spirally arranged in some species; in most, they are simple and lanceolate in shape. The pollen grains in many genera are loosely held together by viscin threads. Most bees cannot collect it, and only bees with specialized morphologies can effectively pollinate the flowers; nearly all bee taxa that visit the flowers are oligoleges specialized on the family Onagraceae.

The family was named after the genus Onagra (now known as Oenothera) in 1836 by John Lindley in the second edition of A Natural System of Botany.

Genera
Subfamily Ludwigioideae

Ludwigia L.[6]

Subfamily Onagroideae

Tribe Circaeeae

Circaea L.
Fuchsia L.[7]

Tribe Epilobieae

Chamaenerion Ség.
Epilobium L.[8]

Tribe Gongylocarpeae

Gongylocarpus Schltdl. & Cham.[9]

Tribe Hauyeae

Hauya DC.[10]

Tribe Lopezieae

Lopezia Cav.
Megacorax Elizondo et al.[11]

Tribe Onagreae

Calylophus Spach (= Oenothera)[12]
Camissonia Link
Camissoniopsis W.L.Wagner & Hoch
Chylismia (Torr. & A.Gray) Raim.
Chylismiella (Munz) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
Clarkia Pursh
Eremothera (P.H.Raven) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
Eucharidium Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
Eulobus Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray
Gaura L. (= Oenothera)[12]
Gayophytum A.Juss.
Neoholmgrenia W.L.Wagner & Hoch
Oenothera L.
Taraxia (Torr. & A.Gray) Raim.
Tetrapteron (Munz) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
Xylonagra Donn.Sm. & Rose[13]

Several genera are synonymized in the classification presented above, in particular Calylophus and Gaura, which have both been absorbed into Oenothera but appear often in the literature as belonging to the previous genera.
Gallery

Circaea alpina

Epilobium alpestre

Fuchsia magellanica

Hauya heydeana

Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii

Oenothera biennis

References

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
"Family: Onagraceae Juss., nom. cons". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-04-12. Archived from the original on 2012-01-26. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
Onagraceae. Flora of China.
Ford, V. S.; Gottlieb, L. D. (2007). "Tribal Relationships within Onagraceae Inferred from PgiC Sequences". Systematic Botany. 32 (2): 348–356. doi:10.1600/036364407781179725. JSTOR 25064249. S2CID 86207688.
Epilobium. Flora of China.
"GRIN Genera of Onagraceae subfamily Ludwigioideae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
"GRIN Genera of Onagraceae tribe Circaeeae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
"GRIN Genera of Onagraceae tribe Epilobieae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
"GRIN Genera of Onagraceae tribe Gongylocarpeae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
"GRIN Genera of Onagraceae tribe Hauyeae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
"GRIN Genera of Onagraceae tribe Lopezieae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
"Oenothera". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2013-01-29.
"GRIN Genera of Onagraceae tribe Onagreae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-10-29.