Oeceoclades

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Orchidaceae
Subfamilia: Epidendroideae
Tribus: Cymbidieae
Subtribus: Eulophiinae
Genus: Oeceoclades
Overview of species (40)

O. alismatophylla – O. ambongensis – O. ambrensis – O. analamerensis – O. analavelensis – O. angustifolia – O. antsingyensis – O. atrovirens – O. aurea – O. beravensis – O. boinensis – O. calcarata – O. callmanderi – O. cordylinophylla – O. decaryana – O. flavescens – O. furcata – O. gracillima – O. hebdingiana – O. humbertii – O. lanceata – O. latifolia – O. lavergneae – O. lonchophylla – O. longebracteata – O. lubbersiana – O. maculata – O. pandurata – O. perrieri – O. petiolata – O. peyrotii – O. quadriloba – O. rauhii – O. saundersiana – O. sclerophylla – O. seychellarum – O. spathulifera – O. ugandae – O. versicolor – O. zanzibarica
Name

Oeceoclades Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1522 (1832)

Type species: Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 237 (1833)
Lectotype: Oeceoclades maculata ex Angraecum maculatum Lindl. designated by Lindley, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 36 (1859)

Synonymy

Heterotypic
Eulophidium Pfitzer, Entwurf. Anordn. Orch.: 87 (1887)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Africa
West Tropical Africa
Benin, Burkina, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierre Leone, Togo.
West-Central Tropical Africa
Burundi, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Gulf of Guinea Islands, Rwanda, Zaïre.
Northeast Tropical Africa
Ethiopia, Sudan.
East Tropical Africa
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda,
South Tropical Africa
Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe,
Southern Africa
KwaZulu-Natal, Swaziland,
Western Indian Ocean
Comoros, Mauritius, Madagascar, Réunion, Seychelles †.
Asia-Tropical (doubtful)
Indian Subcontinent (doubtful)
India (doubtful)
Northern America (introduced)
Southeastern U.S.A. (introduced)
Florida (introduced)
Mexico (introduced)
Mexico Southeast (introduced)
Southern America (introduced)
Central America (introduced)
Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama (introduced)
Caribbean (introduced)
Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Islands (introduced)
Northern South America (introduced)
French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela (introduced)
Western South America (introduced)
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru (introduced)
Brazil (introduced)
Brazil West-Central, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil North, Brazil South (introduced)
Southern South America (introduced)
Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Paraguay (introduced)

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Lindley, J. 1832. Edwards's Botanical Register 18: sub t. 1522.
Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (eds.) 2014. Genera Orchidacearum Volume 5: Epidendroideae (Part two); page 112 ff., Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-850713-0

Links

Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2021. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Oeceoclades. Accessed: 2021 May 26.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Oeceoclades in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 May 26. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Oeceoclades in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 May 26. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2021. Oeceoclades. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 May 26. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Oeceoclades. Published online. Accessed: 26 May 2021.
Tropicos.org 2021. Oeceoclades. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 26 May 2021.

Vernacular names

English: Monk orchids
кырык мары: Ӧцеокладес

Oeceoclades, collectively known as the monk orchids, is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is related to Eulophia and like that genus is mostly terrestrial in habit. A few species extend into very arid environments, unusual for an orchid.

The genus contains about 40 known species, most of which are narrow endemics to parts of Madagascar with some widespread across much of sub-Saharan Africa and the islands of the Indian Ocean. One species, O. maculata, has become naturalized in Mexico, South America, Central America, the West Indies and Florida.[2][3][4][5] In Florida and several other places, O. maculata is considered an invasive weed.[6][7]

The only consistent morphological character that does not show intermediate forms in either genus and can thus separate Oeceoclades from Eulophia is the presence of two fleshy ridges on the basal part of the labellum (the hypochile). The genus was resurrected by Leslie Andrew Garay and Peter Taylor in 1976 and since then has been affirmed as a monophyletic genus in molecular phylogenetic studies.[8]

Species
Oeceoclades gracillima flower
Oeceoclades lonchophylla flower
Oeceoclades pulchra inflorescence

Species accepted:[2]

Oeceoclades alismatophylla (Rchb.f.) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades ambongensis (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades ambrensis (H.Perrier) Bosser & Morat
Oeceoclades analamerensis (H.Perrier) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades analavelensis (H.Perrier) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades angustifolia (Senghas) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades antsingyensis G.Gerlach
Oeceoclades atrovirens (Lindl.) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades aurea Loubr.
Oeceoclades beravensis (Rchb.f.) R.Bone & Buerki
Oeceoclades boinensis (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades calcarata (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades callmanderi Bosser
Oeceoclades cordylinophylla (Rchb.f.) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades decaryana (H.Perrier) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades flavescens Bosser & Morat
Oeceoclades furcata Bosser & Morat
Oeceoclades gracillima (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades hebdingiana (Guillaumin) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades humbertii (H.Perrier) Bosser & Morat
Oeceoclades lanceata (H.Perrier) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades latifolia (Rolfe) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades lavergneae J.-B.Castillon
Oeceoclades lonchophylla (Rchb.f.) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades longebracteata Bosser & Morat
Oeceoclades lubbersiana (De Wild. & Laurent) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl
Oeceoclades pandurata (Rolfe) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades perrieri (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades petiolata (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades peyrotii Bosser & Morat
Oeceoclades pulchra (Thouars) P.J.Cribb & M.A.Clem.
Oeceoclades quadriloba (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades rauhii (Senghas) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades saundersiana (Rchb.f.) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades sclerophylla (Rchb.f.) Garay & P.Taylor
†Oeceoclades seychellarum (Rolfe ex Summerh.) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades spathulifera (H.Perrier) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades ugandae (Rolfe) Garay & P.Taylor
Oeceoclades versicolor (Frapp. ex Cordem.) J.-B.Castillon
Oeceoclades zanzibarica (Summerh.) Garay & P.Taylor