Nothofagus antarctica

Nothofagus antarctica (Information about this image)

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Fagales

Familia: Nothofagaceae
Genus: Nothofagus
Subgenus: Nothofagus subg. Nothofagus
Species: Nothofagus antarctica
Name

Nothofagus antarctica (G.Forst.) Oerst.,
Synonyms

Basionym
Fagus antarctica G.Forst., Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 9: 24, 1789 (basionym)
Homotypic
Calucechinus antarctica (G.Forst.) Hombr. & Jacquinot ex Decne. in J.S.C.Dumont d'Urville, Voy. Pôle Sud 2: 19 (1853).
Heterotypic
Calucechinus montagnei (Hombr. & Jacquinot) Hombr. & Jacquinot ex Decne. in J.S.C.Dumont d'Urville, Voy. Pôle Sud 2: 19 (1853).
Fagus montagnei Hombr. & Jacquinot, Voy. Pôle Sud: t. 8, f. 11 (1853).
Fagus alpina Poepp. ex A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 120 (1864), nom. illeg. hom. vide Fagus alpina Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 69 (1838)
Fagus antarctica var. sublobata A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 120 (1864).
Fagus antarctica var. uliginosa A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 120 (1864).
Fagus uliginosa Phil. ex A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 120 (1864), pro syn.
Fagus antarctica var. microphylla Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 91: 515 (1895).
Fagus antarctica f. latifolia Kurtz ex Albov, Revista Mus. La Plata, Secc. Paleontol. 7: 387 (1896).
Fagus antarctica var. palustris Albov, Revista Mus. La Plata, Secc. Paleontol. 7: 387 (1896).
Fagus antarctica var. subalpina Albov, Revista Mus. La Plata, Secc. Paleontol. 7: 387 (1896).
Nothofagus montagnei (Hombr. & Jacquinot) Krasser, Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 11: 163 (1896).
Nothofagus uliginosa (A.DC.) Krasser, Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 11: 163 (1896)

References

Oersted, A.S. 1871. Bidrag til Kundskab om Egefamilien 24 et Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd. ser. 5, 9: 354, 1873.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Nothofagus antarctica in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Apr. 3. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Nothofagus antarctica. Published online. Accessed: Apr. 3 2022.
Tropicos.org 2022. Nothofagus antarctica. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 3 Apr. 2022.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Nothofagus antarctica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names
čeština: Pabuk jižní
dansk: Antarktisk sydbøg
Deutsch: Antarktische Scheinbuche
English: Antarctic Beech
español: Ñirre
suomi: Poimuetelänpyökki
føroyskt: Nire-suðurbók
íslenska: Snælenja
lietuvių: Antarktinis notofagas
polski: Bukan chilijski
Runa Simi: Ñiri
русский: Нотофагус антарктический
slovenčina: Pabuk antarktický
svenska: Sydbok

Nothofagus antarctica (Antarctic beech;[1] in Spanish Ñire or Ñirre) is a deciduous tree or shrub native to southern Chile and Argentina from about 36°S to Tierra del Fuego (56° S), where it grows mainly in the diminishing temperate rainforest.

Its occurrence on Hoste Island has previously earned it the distinction of being the southernmost tree on earth; however, in 2019 it was established that N. betuloides was found further south on Hornos Island. N. antarctica is present on Hornos as well, but the southernmost individual is slightly further north (17 mi) of the southernmost N. betuloides.

Description
Foliage

Nothofagus antarctica typically grows 5–25 m (12–80 ft) tall and has a slender trunk with scaly bark. The leaves are simple and alternate, growing 2-4.5 cm long, and often viscid, with a sweetly scented wax. The leaf color is medium green, turning yellow to orange in the fall. The leaves are broadly ovate to triangular, crinkly, rounded at the tips, irregularly and minutely toothed.

The flowers are inconspicuous yellow-green catkins. The fruit is a 6 mm, very fragrant 4-valved capsule containing three small nuts.
Cultivation

Nothofagus antarctica has been planted on the North Pacific Coast of the United States[2] and in Great Britain where it thrives. Trees planted in the Faroes, which were imported directly from its southernmost distribution in Tierra del Fuego, have shown good hardiness.[3]

NB: Lophozonia moorei, found in Australia, is also referred to as "Antarctic beech".
References

Baldwin, H. (2018). "Nothofagus antarctica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T96477198A96479935. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T96477198A96479935.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
"Nothofagus antarctica in Washington Park Arboretum" (PDF). Seattle Government. Retrieved 2009-06-27.

Højgaard, A., J. Jóhansen, and S. Ødum (eds) 1989. A century of tree planting in the Faroe Islands. Føroya Frodskaparfelag, Torshavn