Mkilua

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Magnoliids
Ordo: Magnoliales

Familia: Annonaceae
Subfamilia: Annonoideae
Tribus: Bocageeae
Genus: Mkilua
Species: M. fragrans
Name

Mkilua Verdc. Kew Bull. 24: 449. (1970)

monotypic taxon

References

Verdcourt, B. 1970. Kew Bulletin 24: 449.
African Plants Database (version 3.4.0). Mkilua. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
International Plant Names Index. 2016. Mkilua. Published online. Accessed: Aug. 13 2016.

Mkilua is a genus of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Kenya and Tanzania.[2] It contains a single species, Mkilua fragrans. Bernard Verdcourt, the British botanist who first formally described the species, named it after the fragrance (frāgrāns in Latin) of its flowers which smell like lemon. It is commonly called Mkilua Mwitu, Kilua and Kiluwa in Swahili, and Kingade in Digo (and Swahili).[3] Volatile oils extracted from its leaves, flowers, and aerial parts have been reported to be repellent to Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes which are vectors for the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.[4] Bioactive molecules extracted from its roots have been reported to have antimicrobial activity in tests with Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus.[5]
Description

It is a tree reaching 2.7-4.5 meters in height. Its leaves are 1.7-14 by 0.7-7 centimeters with blunt tips. The leaves are smooth on their upper surfaces while their undersides are hairy when young, but become smooth when mature. Its petioles are 1-2 millimeters long. Its flowers are solitary or grouped in cymes of 2-3. Each flower is on a pedicel 2.4 centimeters long. Its 3 sepals are 4-6 by 4-7 millimeters. Its 6 petals are arranged in two rows of 3. The young petals are green, developing into white or cream colors with reddish-purple highlights at their base. The outer petals are 2.1–3.5 by 1.2–2.3 centimeters. The inner petals are 1.9 by 0.9–1.1 centimeters and hairy. Its orange stamens are 2-2.7 millimeters long. The flowers have 30-40 carpels.[3] Pollen is shed as permanent tetrads.[6]
References

Eastern Arc Mountains & Coastal Forests CEPF Plant Assessment Project (2009). "Mkilua fragrans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T34835A9892997. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T34835A9892997.en.
"Mkilua fragrans Verdc". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
Verdcourt, Bernard (1970). "A New Genus of Annonaceae from the East African Coastal Forests". Kew Bulletin. 24 (3): 449–453. doi:10.2307/4102847. ISSN 0075-5974. JSTOR 4102847.
Odalo, Josiah O.; Omolo, Maurice O.; Malebo, Hamisi; Angira, John; Njeru, Patrick M.; Ndiege, Isaiah O.; Hassanali, Ahmed (2005). "Repellency of essential oils of some plants from the Kenyan coast against Anopheles gambiae". Acta Tropica. 95 (3): 210–218. doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.06.007. ISSN 0001-706X. PMID 16018957.
Lyantagaye, Sylvester Leonard (2014). "Medicinal potential of Melodorum gracile and Mkilua fragrans extracts". Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 4 (2): 8–11. doi:10.7324/JAPS.2014.40202 (inactive 31 October 2021). ISSN 2231-3354.
Johnson, David M.; Murray, Nancy A. (1995). "Synopsis of the Tribe Bocageeae (Annonaceae), with Revisions of Cardiopetalum, Froesiodendron, Trigynaea, Bocagea, and Hornschuchia". Brittonia. 47 (3): 248. doi:10.2307/2807118. ISSN 0007-196X. JSTOR 2807118. S2CID 12917003.