Laurus

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Magnoliids
Ordo: Laurales

Familia: Lauraceae
Tribus: Cinnamomeae
Genus: Laurus
Species: L. azorica – L. nobilis – L. novocanariensis
Name

Laurus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 369. (1753)

Type species: Laurus nobilis L.

Note: The genus is probably monotypic and L. nobilis is genetically highly variable (Aboel-Atta, 2009). Secondary sources also contain many unresolved species and due to historical reasons Laurus combinations are commonly found as basionyms.
References

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 369.
Aboel-Atta, A-M. I. 2009. On the Taxonomy of Laurus L. (Lauraceae), Evidence from Isozymes, RAPD and ISSR. Academic Journal of Plant Sciences 2(2): 82–91. Full text (PDF).
International Plant Names Index. 2016. Laurus. Published online. Accessed: October 5 2016.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2016. Laurus in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2016 October 5. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2016. Laurus. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2016 October 5.

Vernacular names
беларуская: Лаўр
Deutsch: Lorbeeren
Ελληνικά: Δάφνη
English: Bay Laurel, True Laurel
suomi: Laakerit, laakeripuut
Nordfriisk: Loorbeeren
polski: Wawrzyn
sardu: Lau

Laurus is a genus of evergreen trees or shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The genus contains three or more species,[1] including the bay laurel or sweet bay, L. nobilis, widely cultivated as an ornamental plant and a culinary herb.

Description

They are slow-growing, large, evergreen aromatic shrubs or trees with alternate, ovate leaves and insignificant yellow male and female flowers borne on separate plants (dioecious). They are frost-hardy but in temperate zones they require a sheltered spot in full sun that is not subject to prolonged freezing. Plants in pots can be moved into a cold greenhouse during the winter months.[2]
Species

The number of species in the genus has not yet been fully resolved. The following may or may not be included.[1]

Laurus azorica, Azores laurel, is native to the Azores.
Laurus nobilis, bay Laurel, true laurel, sweet bay, is used as an ornamental plant and culinary herb (one type of bay leaf) used in Mediterranean style dishes. It was also the original source of the laurel wreath of ancient Greece. It is native to the Mediterranean region.
Laurus novocanariensis, formerly included in L. azorica, native to Madeira and the Canary Islands.

Fossil history
Very old laurel trees on Madeira island

Fossils dating from before the Pleistocene glaciations show that species of Laurus were formerly distributed more widely around the Mediterranean and North Africa, when the climate was more humid and mild than at present. It is currently thought that the drying of the Mediterranean basin during the glaciations caused Laurus to retreat to the mildest climate refuges, including southern Spain, Portugal and the Macaronesian islands. With the end of the last glacial period, L. nobilis recovered some of its former range around the Mediterranean.
References

"The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species".

Brickell, Christopher, ed. (2008). The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 612. ISBN 9781405332965.