Lagerstroemia indica

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Myrtales

Familia: Lythraceae
Genus: Lagerstroemia
Sectio: L. sect. Lagerstroemia
Species: Lagerstroemia indica
Name

Lagerstroemia indica L.
References

Syst. nat. ed. 10, 2:1076. 1759
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Lagerstroemia indica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service.

Vernacular names
čeština: Pukol okrouhlolistý
Deutsch: Chinesische Lagerströmie
English: Crape myrtle
español: Espumilla
eesti: Hiina lagerströömia
suomi: Kiinankutrio
galego: Árbore de Xúpiter
magyar: Kínai selyemvirágfa, kínai selyemmirtusz
日本語: サルスベリ
한국어: 배롱나무
polski: Lagerstremia indyjska
русский: Лагерстрёмия инди́йская, индийская сирень
lea faka-Tonga: Kilisimasi
Türkçe: Oya ağacı, İspanyol leylağı
中文: 紫薇

Lagerstroemia indica, the crape myrtle (also crepe myrtle, crêpe myrtle, or crepeflower[1]) is a species of flowering plant in the genus Lagerstroemia of the family Lythraceae. It is native to the Indian Subcontinent (hence the species epithet indica), and also to Southeast Asia, China, Korea and Japan. The genus name honors Swedish botanist Magnus von Lagerstroem.[2] It is an often multi-stemmed, deciduous tree with a wide spreading, flat topped, rounded, or even spike shaped open habit. The tree is a popular nesting shrub for songbirds and wrens.

In the United Kingdom, Lagerstroemia indica has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.[3][4]

Description
Crape myrtle blooming near the United States Capitol
Inflorescence

The bark is thin and about 2mm. thick, smooth, pinkish-gray and mottled, shedding each year. Leaves also shed each winter, after spectacular color display, and bare branches re-leaf early in the spring; leaves are small, smooth-edged, circular or oval-shaped, and dark green changing to yellow and orange and red in autumn.

Flowers, on different trees, are white, pink, mauve, purple or carmine with crimped petals, in panicles up to 9 cm (3+1⁄2 in). Flowers give way to 6-capsuled, brown dehiscent fruits.[5]

Crape Myrtle during summer in Sombrerete, Mexico

Same tree during fall

Autumn foliage

Cultivation

In the United States, Lagerstroemia indica is a very popular flowering shrub/small tree in mild-winter states (USDA Zones 6–9).[2] Low maintenance needs make it a common municipal planting in parks, along sidewalks, highway medians and in parking lots. Like the southern magnolia, the crape myrtle has come to symbolize the American South because of its extensive planting and ability to thrive in hot, humid summer climates with regular precipitation.[6] It is one of only a few trees/shrubs to offer brilliant color in late summer through autumn, at a time when many flowering plants have exhausted their blooms. In arid climates, it requires supplemental watering and some shade in the very hottest areas. The plant must have hot summers in order to flower successfully, otherwise it will show weak bloom and is more vulnerable to fungal diseases.[7]

Frequently L. indica is root hardy to Zone 5 (-10 °F/-23 °C), meaning it will be killed back during harsh winters but regrow from the roots and flower in summer. As such Northern gardeners treat it more like a perennial than a tree or shrub. Too much watering and over-fertilizing can decrease the cold hardiness because it stimulates new growth late in the season that does not have time to harden off.[7]

Lagerstroemia indica is frost tolerant, prefers full sun and will grow to 6 m (20 ft) with a spread of 6 m (20 ft). The plant is not picky about soil type but does require good drainage to thrive. Once established it is also quite drought hardy, though it benefits from the occasional deep watering during the summer months.[7]

15 hybrid cultivars have been developed between L. indica and L. fauriei by the US National Arboretum for increased cold-hardiness and resistance to disease, all given the names of Native American tribes.[7] There are also dwarf cultivars of indica × fauriei cross-breeds and regular L. indica species, which grow 2–5 ft (0.61–1.52 m).[8]
Range

Lagerstroemia is a common planting in South Atlantic States and is becoming an increasingly common shrub in Mid-Atlantic states all the way up through the coastal areas of Massachusetts.[9] Lagerstroemia also thrives in the Mediterranean and Desert climates of Southern California, Arizona and Nevada, and also in Australia as a street plant.[10]

Diseases

In the Southern U.S. mildew and fungal diseases have traditionally posed problems for L. indica. This was a major motivation for developing the L. indica × L. fauriei hybrids, which show increased resistance to powdery mildew and fungus. The fungal pathogen Cercospora lythracearum can infest the plant in summer during hot, rainy weather and cause premature leaf drop. Gardeners plant resistant hybrid varieties or use fungicide sprays to help control this.[11]

Insect problems with Lagestroemia indica include the crape myrtle aphid, Tinocallis kahawaluokalani, which can cause yellow spots and black mold, Japanese beetles, and the flea beetle. None of these insects are fatal to the plant and other predator insects are usually enough to resolve infestations; however applications of insecticidal soap can also be helpful.[12]

Crape myrtle topping

During the winter, gardeners will often lop off the branches of large specimens, to manage size and encourage more profuse summer bloom. This is colloquially known as "crape murder" because of the drastic pruning involved, leaving a bare trunk during the winter and early spring.[13] Tree topping of crape myrtles is a common occurrence but is not recommended nor endorsed by many professional standards or arboricultural organizations.[14]
In culture

In 1983, Hinako Sugiura started a manga series titled Sarusuberi, after the Japanese name of the plant. Sugiura compared the flowering season of L. indica, that keeps blooming and dropping flowers at the same time, with the vigor of ukiyo-e art, the setting of the manga.[15]

References

USDA GRIN Taxonomy, retrieved 8 June 2016
"Lagerstroemia indica - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
"RHS Plantfinder - Lagerstroemia indica". Retrieved 17 March 2018.
"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 58. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
"Lagerstroemia indica (Crapemyrtle, Crape Myrtle, Crepe Myrtle) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
Steve Bender. "History of Crape Myrtles in the South". Southern Living. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
Kathleen Norris Brenzel (ed.) (2007). Sunset Western Garden Book. p. 430.
Adrian Higgins (2015-03-18). "How to choose the right crape myrtle". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
Hilary Newell (2012-09-13). "Crape Myrtle - A Great Late Season Shrub". Nantucket Chronicle. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
Barbara Kishbaugh (September 1993). "Crape Myrtle (Lagerstroemia Indica)". Cochise Co. Master Gardeners. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
"Crape Myrtle Questions & Answers - US National Arboretum - USDA". 2004-10-14. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
"Crape Myrtle Questions & Answers - US National Arboretum - USDA". 2004-10-14. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
Adrian Higgins (2015-03-08). "How to avoid hacking at your crape myrtle this spring". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
https://www.saiglobal.com/PDFTemp/Previews/OSH/AS/AS4000/4300/4373-2007.pdf
Hinako Sugiura in the first volume of the 1985 Jitsugyo no Nihonsha edition. Quoted in 1996 by Baku Yumemakura in Sugiura, Hinako (2018). Miss Hokusai (in Spanish). Ponent Mon. p. 354. ISBN 9788492444670.