Kalidium

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Ordo: Caryophyllales

Familia: Amaranthaceae s.l.
Cladus: Chenopodiaceae s.str.
Subfamilia: Salicornioideae
Tribus: Salicornieae
Genus: Kalidium

Species: K. caspicum – K. cuspidatum – K. foliatum – K. gracile – K. schrenkianum – K. wagenitzii

Names in synonymy: K. arabicum – K. circassianum – K. pallasianum – K. sinicum
for Kalidiopsis: K. wagenitzii

Name

Kalidium Moq., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 146. (1849)

Lectotype (designated by Scott 1978, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 75: 372.): Kalidium foliatum (Pall.) Moq. .

Synonyms

Kalidiopsis Aellen, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 31. (1967)
Type: Kalidiopsis wagenitzii Aellen

References
Primary references

Moquin-Tandon, A. 1849. Salsolaceae. In: De Candolle, A.P. (ed.): Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13(2): 41–219. Masson, Paris. BHL Reference page. : 146
Aellen, P. 1967. New Chenopodiaceae from Turkey. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 28(1): 29–34. Archive.org Reference page. : 31
Scott, A.J. 1978. Reinstatement and revision of Salicorniaceae J. Agardh (Caryophyllales). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 75(4): 357–374. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1977.tb01493.x Reference page. : 372

Additional references

Kadereit, G., Mucina, L. & Freitag, H. 2006: Phylogeny of Salicornioideae (Chenopodiaceae): Diversification, Biogeography, and Evolutionary Trends in Leaf and Flower Morphology. Taxon 55(3): 617–642. DOI: 10.2307/25065639.Reference page.
Zhu, G., Mosyakin, S.L. & Clemants, S.E.:
'eFloras 2008. Kalidium in Flora of China. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
Hedge, I.C. 1997. Kalidium. In:
Hedge, I.C., Akhani, H., Freitag, H., Kothe-Heinrich, G., Podlech, D., Rilke, S. & Uotila, P. 1997. Chenopodiaceae. In: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.): Flora Iranica Vol. 172. 371 pp., 212 tab., Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt Graz. Reference page. : 122–123.
Piirainen, M. 2009: Kalidium. – In: Uotila, P. (ed.): Chenopodiaceae. Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Links

Hassler, M. 2019. Kalidium. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Jan. 03. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2016. Kalidium. Published online. Accessed: Jul. 08 2016.
The Plant List 2013. Kalidium in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2016 Jul. 08.
Tropicos.org 2016. Kalidium. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 08 Jul. 2016.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2019. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Kalidium. .

Vernacular names
русский: Поташник
中文: 盐爪爪属

Kalidium is a genus of flowering plants in the plant family Amaranthaceae. The species are shrubby halophytes distributed in Southeast Europe, Southwest Asia and Central Asia to China.

Description

The species of Kalidium grow as subshrubs or low shrubs. The stems are much branched and glabrous. Older stems are not jointed, younger stems may appear jointed or not. The alternate leaves are fleshy, glabrous, stem-clasping and decurrent, nearly orbicular to semiterete, their free blades 0.5–12 mm long.[1]

The pedunculate inflorescences are spike-like, with alternate scale-like free bracts. In the axil of each bract, there are one to three flowers, partially fused to each other, to the bract and to the inflorescence axis, appearing sunken into fleshy axis. The flowers are bisexual. The 4-5-lobed perianth consists of four to five connate tepals. There are two stamens[1] and an ovoid ovary with two stigmas.[2]

In fruiting phase, the perianth becomes thick and spongy and encloses the fruit. Towards the apex, the perianth is widened, flattened, and furnished with a wing-like margin. The fruit wall (pericarp) is membranous. The vertical seed is disc-shaped with tuberculate to papillose surface. It contains a semi-annular embryo and copious perisperm (feeding tissue).[1]

Distribution and habitat

The species of Kalidium are distributed from Southeast Europe to Southwest Asia and Central Asia to China.[1][2]

The plants are halophytes and grow in saline mudflats, on alkaline soils, at margins of alluvial fans, and at the shores of salt lakes.[2]
Systematics

The genus Kalidium was first published in 1849 by Alfred Moquin-Tandon.[3] Kalidium foliatum was chosen as lectotype of the genus.[4] A synonym is Kalidiopsis Aellen.[1]

The genus comprises six species:[1]

Kalidium caspicum (L.) Ung.-Sternb. - widely distributed from Southeast Europe, Caucasus and eastern Turkey, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia to China (northern Xinjiang).[2][5]
Kalidium cuspidatum (Ung.-Sternb.) Grubov - occurring in Mongolia and China (Gansu, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Xinjiang).[2]
Kalidium foliatum (Pall.) Moq. - widely distributed from Southeast Europe, Southwest Asia, Central Asia, Russia (southern Siberia), Mongolia, to China (northern Gansu, northern Hebei, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang).[2][5]
Kalidium gracile Fenzl - occurring in Mongolia and China (Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang).[2]
Kalidium schrenkianum Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb. - occurring in Kazakhstan and China (Xinjiang).[2]
Kalidium wagenitzii (Aellen) Freitag & G.Kadereit (Syn.: Kalidiopsis wagenitzii Aellen) - endemic in Turkey (Anatolia, Tuz Gölü area).[1] This species has sometimes been included in Kalidium foliatum.[5]

References

Gudrun Kadereit, Ladislav Mucina & Helmut Freitag: Phylogeny of Salicornioideae (Chenopodiaceae): diversification, biogeography, and evolutionary trends in leaf and flower morphology, In: Taxon, Volume 55 (3), 2006, p. 623-624, 631-632.
Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin, Steven E. Clemants: Kalidium. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae. Science Press/Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing/St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X, p. 355.
Alfred Moquin-Tandon: Salsolaceae. in: De Candolle (Hrsg.): Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 13(2). Masson, Paris, 1849, p. 146. (first publication scanned at BHL)
"Kalidium". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2016-08-01.
Mikko Piirainen 2009: Kalidium. In: P. Uotila, (ed.): Chenopodiaceae. In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.