Juncaginaceae

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Alismatales

Familia: Juncaginaceae
Genera: Cycnogeton – Tetroncium – Triglochin
Name

Juncaginaceae Rich. Démonstr. Bot. 9. (1808) nom. cons.

Typus: Triglochin Riv. ex L., Sp. Pl.: 338 (1753). Designated as synonym Juncago Ség. Pl. Veron. 3: 90. (1754)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Heterostylaceae Hutch.
Lilaeaceae Dumort.
Triglochinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl

References

Richard, L.C.M. 1808. Démonstrations Botaniques 9.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181(1): 1–20. DOI: 10.1111/boj.12385 Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2013. Juncaginaceae. Published online. Accessed: 16 Sept. 2013.
Emonocot.org 2013. Juncaginaceae in The Orders and Families of Monocotyledons. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2013 Sept. 16.
Tropicos.org 2013. Juncaginaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2013 Sept. 16.
Mering, S. v. & Kadereit, J.W. 2010. Phylogeny, systematics and recircumscription of Juncaginaceae – a cosmopolitan wetland family. pp. 55–79 in Seberg, O. (ed.): Diversity, Phylogeny, and Evolution in the Monocotyledons. proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons and the Fifth International Symposium on Grass Systematics and Evolution. Aarhus University Press, Aarhus, Denmark, ISBN 978-87-7934-398-6. PDF Reference page. Accessed 20 Nov. 2014.

Vernacular names
العربية: عاشميات
беларуская: Сітападобныя
català: Juncaginàcies
čeština: Bařičkovité
dansk: Trehage-familien
Deutsch: Dreizackgewächse
English: Arrowgrass family
eesti: Õisluhalised
فارسی: سه‌سیخکیان
suomi: Suolakekasvit
hrvatski: Brulovke
한국어: 지채과
кыргызча: Өлөңчөп сымалдар
lietuvių: Narytžoliniai
Nederlands: Zoutgrasfamilie
norsk: Sauløkfamilien
polski: Świbkowate
русский: Ситниковидные
svenska: Sältingväxter
українська: Тризубцеві
Tiếng Việt: Họ Thủy mạch đông
中文（简体）: 水麦冬科
中文（繁體）: 水麥冬科

Juncaginaceae is a family of flowering plants, recognized by most taxonomists for the past few decades. It is also known as the arrowgrass family. It includes 3 genera with a total of 34 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 [2]).

The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), also recognizes such a family and places it in the order Alismatales, in the clade monocots. The species are found in cold or temperate regions in both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. However APG IV (2016) removed the genus Maundia due to its non-exclusive relationship, and elevated it to the monogeneric family Maundiaceae.

Description
Sea Arrowgrass Triglochin martima

Juncaginaceae are marsh or aquatic herbs with linear, sheathing basal leaves. The flowers are small and green in erect spikes or racemes. The flower parts come in threes, but the carpels are either 3 or 6, joined to a superior ovary. The fruit is a capsule.[3] Example arrowgrasses Triglochin include the Marsh Arrowgrass (Triglochin palustris), the Sea Arrowgrass (Triglochin maritima), and also other species like Triglochin trichophora, Triglochin striata and Triglochin mucronata.
Taxonomy

The genus Maundia was placed within the family Juncaginaceae by the APG II. The newer APG III version (2009), though, suggested it may be necessary to split Maundia off into its own monogeneric family, Maundiaceae,[1] supported by the non-exclusive relationship of the genus to Juncaginaceae.[4] This was achieved in the APG IV (2016), leaving only four genera in Juncaginaceae.[5]
References

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
Rose, Francis (2006). The Wild Flower Key. Frederick Warne & Co. pp. 486–487. ISBN 978-0-7232-5175-0.
Les & Tippery 2013.

APG IV 2016.

Bibliography

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
Christenhusz, Maarten J.M.; Vorontsova, Maria S.; Fay, Michael F. & Chase, Mark W. (August 2015), "Results from an online survey of family delimitation in angiosperms and ferns: recommendations to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group for thorny problems in plant classification", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 178 (4): 501–528, doi:10.1111/boj.12285
Les, Donald H; Tippery, Nicholas P, In time and with water ... the systematics of alismatid monocotyledons (PDF), pp. 118–164, in Wilkin & Mayo (2013)
Wilkin, Paul; Mayo, Simon J, eds. (2013). Early events in monocot evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01276-9. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
Von Mering, S; Kadereit, JW. Phylogeny, Systematics, and Recircumscription of Juncaginaceae – A Cosmopolitan Wetland Family (PDF). pp. 55–79., in Seberg et al (2010)
Seberg, Ole; Petersen, Gitte; Barfod, Anders; Davis, Jerrold I., eds. (2010). Diversity, phylogeny, and evolution in the Monocotyledons: proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons and the Fifth International Symposium on Grass Systematics and Evolution. Århus: Aarhus University Press. ISBN 978-87-7934-398-6.