Iris douglasiana

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Iridaceae
Subfamilia: Iridoideae
Tribus: Irideae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: I. subg. Limniris
Sectio: I. sect. Limniris
Series: I. ser. Californicae
Species: Iris douglasiana
Name

Iris douglasiana Herb. in Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 395. 1840.

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Iris beecheyana Herb. in W.J.Hooker & G.A.Walker Arnott, Bot. Beechey Voy. 9: 395. 1840.
Iris douglasiana f. alpha (Dykes) R.C.Foster, Contr. Gray Herb. 119: 35. 1937.
Iris douglasiana var. alpha Dykes, Gard. Chron., III, 55: 392. 1914.
Iris douglasiana var. altissima Purdy ex Jeps., Fl. Calif. 1: 325. 1921.
Iris douglasiana var. beecheyana (Herb.) Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 138. 1877.
Iris douglasiana var. bracteata Herb. in W.J.Hooker & G.A.W.Arnott, Bot. Beechey Voy. 9: 395. 1840.
Iris douglasiana var. major Torr., Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5): 144. 1857.
Iris douglasiana var. mendocinensis Eastw., Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 263. 1940.
Iris douglasiana var. nuda Herb. in W.J.Hooker & G.A.W.Arnott, Bot. Beechey Voy. 9: 395. 1840.
Iris douglasiana var. oregonensis R.C.Foster, Contr. Gray Herb. 119: 35. 1937.
Iris sibirica Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 117. 1840, nom. illeg. non L. (1753).
Iris watsoniana Purdy, Erythea 5: 128. 1897.

Hybrids

I. × thompsonii
Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Northern America
Regional: Southwestern USA
Oregon to California.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Herbert, W. in Hooker, W.J. & Arnott, G.A.W. 1840. Bot. Beechey Voy. 395.

Additional references

Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2002). Flora of North America North of Mexico 26: 1-723. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Iris douglasiana in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Feb 10. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2022. Iris douglasiana. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2022. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Feb 10. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2022. Iris douglasiana. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 10 Feb 2022.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Iris douglasiana. Published online. Accessed: Feb 10 2022.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Iris douglasiana in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 2022 Feb 10.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Douglasiris
English: Douglas iris
فارسی: زنبق دوگلاس
中文: 道格鳶尾

Iris douglasiana, the Douglas iris, is a common wildflower of the coastal regions of Northern and Central California and southern Oregon in the United States.[2] It grows mainly at lower elevations, below 100 meters (330 ft), though it is occasionally found at heights of up to 1,000 meters (3,300 ft). It is most common in grasslands near the coast; it is regarded as a noxious weed in pastures, because it forms clumps that inhibit other vegetation, and its leaves are bitter and unpalatable to cattle.

This is a typical beardless iris of subgenus Limniris, series Californicae, growing from a rhizome that is typically less than a centimeter in diameter. Its leaves are about 2 centimeters (0.79 in) wide. The flowers, appearing from April to June, are usually a purplish-blue, though occasionally white or yellow flowers are found. Two or three flowers are found on each stem, which is of variable height, ranging from 15–80 centimeters (5.9–31.5 in) tall.
Taxonomy

It was first described by 19th century botanist David Douglas in Monterey, California.

It was first published by the british botanist William Herbert in 'Bot. Beechey Voy.' 9 on page 395 in 1840.[1]

Several varieties have been recognized, for example Iris douglasiana var. altissima (Jeps.) and Iris douglasiana var. oregonensis (R. C. Foster), but the species is highly variable and the varieties may not be well enough defined to be of much practical use. The Douglas iris hybridizes freely with several other species; its natural hybrid with I. innominata has been designated as Iris ×thompsonii (R. C. Foster), and the garden hybrid with the same species as Iris ×aureonympha (E. H. English).

This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[3]
References

"Iris douglasiana Herb. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Iris douglasiana". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 20 November 2019.

"Iris douglasiana". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 23 July 2013.

External links

Entry in the Flora of North America Online
Treatment from the Jepson Manual
Photographs from the CalPhotos archive
West Coast Native Iris information