Halimione

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Ordo: Caryophyllales

Familia: Amaranthaceae s.l.
Cladus: Chenopodiaceae s.str.
Subfamilia: Chenopodioideae
Tribus: Chenopodieae (incl. Atripliceae)
Genus: Halimione

Sectiones: H. sect. Halimione – H. sect. Halimus

Sister genus of Atriplex, has sometimes been included.
Overview of species

Species (3): H. pedunculata – H. portulacoides – H. verrucifera

Names in synonymy:

for Halimus: H. australis – H. borealis – H. canus – H. pedunculatus – H. portulacoides – H. verruciferus

Name

Halimione Aellen, Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel 1937-8, 49: 121. (1938), nom. nov.

Type species: Halimione pedunculata (L.) Aellen

Synonyms

Replaced synonym
Halimus Wallr., Sched. Crit. 1: 117. (1822), nom. illeg. (later homonym of Halimus P.Browne 1756)
Type species: Halimus pedunculatus (L.) Wallr.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Europe
Northern Europe
Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom, Sweden (S)
Middle Europe
Belgium, Germany, Netherlands, Poland
Southwestern Europe
France (incl. Corsica), Portugal, Spain
Southeastern Europe
Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece (incl. Crete), Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Romania, Slovenia, Turkey-in-Europe
Eastern Europe
Estonia, Krym, W- & E-European Russia, Ukraine
Africa
Northern Africa
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
Siberia
W-Siberia
Middle Asia
Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Caucasus
Northern Caucasus, Transcaucasus: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Gruziya
Western Asia
Cyprus, Egypt, [Sinai], Iran , Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
China
Xinjiang

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Aellen, P. 1938. Halimione Aellen, eine rehabilitierte Chenopodiaceen-Gattung. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 49: 118–130. Reference page. : 121
Wallroth, K.F.W. 1822. Schedulae criticae de plantis Florae Halensis selectis. Tomus I. Phanerogamia. Halae, C.A. Kümmerlie. online Reference page. : 117

Additional references

Kadereit, G., Mavrodiev, E.V., Zacharias, E.H. & Sukhorukov, A.P. 2010. Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis. American Journal of Botany 97(10): 1664–1687. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000169 Open access Reference page.

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. Halimione. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 September 26. Reference page. - included in Atriplex
International Plant Names Index. 2016. Halimione. Published online. Accessed: Feb. 26 2016.
The Plant List 2013. Halimione in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2016 Feb. 26.
Tropicos.org 2016. Halimione. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 26 Feb. 2016.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Keilmelde
français: Obione
svenska: Saltmållor

Halimione is a plant genus from the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae. It is a sister genus of Atriplex and has sometimes been included in this genus.

Description

The species in genus Halimione are annual or perennial herbs with silvery grey stems and leaves. Their stems grow prostrate, ascending or erect. The leaves are opposite in lower part and alternate in upper part of the plants. The leaf blade is oblong with entire margins.[1]

Plants are monoecious. The spicate inflorescences consist of inconspicuous flowers. Male flowers comprise 4-5 perianth segments and 4-5 stamens. Female flowers have 2 totally concrescent, three-lobed bracteoles which enclose the ovary, a perianth is missing.[1]

The pericarp is tightly adherent to the inner side of the bracteoles, and also tightly adherent to the seed. The seed is vertically orientated, with a thin, membraneous seed coat. It is anatomically different from Atriplex (which has a brownish, thick and hard seed coat).[1]

Halimione pedunculata and Halimione verrucifera have a chromosome number of 2n = 18, Halimione portulacoides 2n = 36.[2]
Distribution

Halimione is distributed in Europe, North Africa, and Asia, ranging from Southwest Asia, and Central Asia to China (Xinjiang).[3][4]
Systematics

The genus has been first described in 1822 as Halimus by Karl Friedrich Wallroth (in Schedulae Criticae, p. 117). But this name was illegitimate, as there existed already Halimus Patrick Browne (1756) in family Portulacaceae. Paul Aellen [de; es; pt] replaced this illegitimate name by the valid name Halimione in 1938 (in: Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 49, p. 121). Type species is Halimione pedunculata (L.) Aellen.[2]

During the following years, Halimione has sometimes been included in Atriplex. But phylogenetic research by Kadereit et al. (2010) revealed, that Halimione is a distinct sister genus of Atriplex.[1]

Halimione comprises 3 species in 2 sections:[1]

• Halimione section Halimione, with one species:
  • Halimione pedunculata (L.) Aellen (Syn.: Atriplex pedunculata L.): A halophyte from western Europe to western Asia and the Black Sea.^[3]
• Halimione section Halimus (S.F.Gray) Sukhor., with 2 species:
  • Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen (Syn.: Atriplex portulacoides L.), sea purslane: at the sea shores of western and southern Europe, the mediterranean shores of North Africa to western Asia.^[3]
  • Halimione verrucifera (M.Bieb.) Aellen (Syn.: Atriplex verrucifera M.Bieb.): From eastern and southeast Europe (Romania, Ukraine) to Southwest Asia and Central Asia to China (Xinjiang) ^[4][5]

References

Gudrun Kadereit, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Elizabeth H. Zacharias & Alexander P. Sukhorukov: Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis. In: American Journal of Botany, Volume 97 (10), 2010, p.1664–1687.
Halimione at Tropicos, accessed 2013-07-11.
Uotila, P. (2011): Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore). – Halimione In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants: Chenopodiaceae: Atriplex verrucifera - online, In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Hrsg.): Flora of China, Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae., Science Press und Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing und St. Louis, 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X.
"Halimione verrucifera". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2013-07-11.