Dendrocnide

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordoo: Rosales

Familia: Urticaceae
Tribus: Urticeae
Genus: Dendrocnide
Species: D. amplissima – D. basirotunda – D. carriana – D. celebica – D. contracta – D. corallodesme – D. cordata – D. cordifolia – D. crassifolia – D. densiflora – D. elliptica – D. excelsa – D. gigantea – D. harveyi – D. kajewskii – D. kjellbergii – D. kotoensis – D. latifolia – D. longifolia – D. luzonensis – D. meyeniana – D. microstigma – D. mirabilis – D. morobensis – D. moroides – D. nervosa – D. oblanceolata – D. peltata – D. photiniiphylla – D. pruritivus – D. rechingeri – D. rigidifolia – D. schlechteri – D. sessiliflora – D. sinuata – D. stimulans – D. subclausa – D. ternatensis – D. torricellensis – D. urentissima – D. venosa – D. vitiensis
Name

Dendrocnide Miq., Pl. Jungh. [Miquel] 1: 29. (1851)

Type species: Dendrocnide stimulans (L.f.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 21: 206. (1965)

References

Miquel, F.A.W. 1851. Plantae Junghuhnianae 1: 29.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Dendrocnide in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Oct. 14. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Dendrocnide. Published online. Accessed: Oct. 14 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Dendrocnide. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Oct. 14.

Vernacular names
English: Stinging or Nettle Trees
eesti: Nõgespuu

Dendrocnide is a genus of approximately 40 species[a] of plants in the nettle family Urticaceae. They have a wide distribution across North East India, Southeast Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands. In Australia they are commonly known as stinging trees.[2][1]

Description

Plants in this genus are evergreen shrubs or small trees, with the exception of the aptly-named giant stinging tree (D. excelsa) which may reach 35 m (115 ft) in height.[3] Dendrocnide species have a sympodial growth habit and are armed with fine needle-like stinging hairs. They are generally fast-growing and produce soft wood, and are usually found in areas of disturbed forest where they fill the role of a pioneer species.[1][4][5][6]

The leaves are simple, alternate, and petiolate, (i.e. having long petioles or leaf-stems), and the leaf blade may be either entire or have some form of Glossary of leaf morphology#dentate toothing (notches or teeth on the edges of the leaf). The leaves are also often large, and may be either leathery or papery. The stipules are fused and deciduous, leaving conspicuous scars on the twigs after falling.[1][4][5]

The inflorescences are axillary and pedunculate, flowers are either solitary or in racemes or panicles. Male flowers may be 4- or 5-merous and the female flowers are 4-merous. Most species are dioecious, a small number are monoecious.[1][4][5]

Fruits are an achene, often compressed, and may be eclosed within the swollen pedicel.[1][4][5]
Taxonomy

The genus Dendrocnide was raised in 1851 by the Dutch physician, botanist, and taxonomist Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel (1811–1871) who dedicated a large part of his life to describing specimens of the flora of the Dutch East Indies which were sent to him by his many contacts.[7] This genus was first published in the work Plantae Junghuhnianae, in which he described three species, namely D. peltata, D. costata (the original type species that is now known as D. stimulans) and D. coerulea.[8][2]
Etymology

The name of this genus comes from Ancient Greek déndron (tree), and knī́dē (nettle), referring to the large size of most species in this genus.[9][6]
List of species

The following list shows all 42 species recognised by Plants of the World Online, and a brief summary of its distribution.[2]

Dendrocnide amplissima (Blume) Chew - Maluku Islands, Sulawesi
Dendrocnide basirotunda (C.Y.Wu) Chew - China south-central, Myanmar, Thailand
Dendrocnide carriana Chew - Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku Islands, New Guinea, Philippines
Dendrocnide celebica Chew - Sulawesi
Dendrocnide contracta (Blume) Chew - Java
Dendrocnide corallodesme[10] (Lauterb.) Chew - New Guinea, Queensland
Dendrocnide cordata (Warb. ex H.J.P.Winkl.) Chew - Lesser Sunda Islands, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago
Dendrocnide cordifolia[11] (L.S.Sm.) Jackes - Queensland
Dendrocnide crassifolia (C.B.Rob.) Chew - Philippines, Sulawesi
Dendrocnide densiflora (C.B.Rob.) Chew - Philippines
Dendrocnide elliptica (Merr.) Chew - Borneo, Philippines
Dendrocnide excelsa[12][13] (Wedd.) Chew - New South Wales, Queensland
Dendrocnide gigantea (Poir.) Chew - Melanesia
Dendrocnide harveyi (Seem.) Chew - Cook Islands, Fiji, Niue, Samoa, Tonga
Dendrocnide kajewskii Chew - Solomon Islands
Dendrocnide kjellbergii Chew - Sulawesi
Dendrocnide kotoensis (Hayata ex Yamam.) B.L.Shih & Yuen P.Yang - Taiwan
Dendrocnide latifolia (Gaudich.) Chew - Caroline Islands, Marianas, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
Dendrocnide longifolia (Hemsl.) Chew - Bismarck Archipelago, Maluku Islands, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Sulawesi
Dendrocnide luzonensis (Wedd.) Chew - Philippines
Dendrocnide meyeniana (Walp.) Chew - Philippines, Taiwan
Dendrocnide microstigma (Wedd.) Chew - Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku Islands, Sulawesi
Dendrocnide mirabilis (Rech.) Chew - New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Dendrocnide morobensis Chew - New Guinea
Dendrocnide moroides[14] (Wedd.) Chew - Lesser Sunda Islands, New South Wales, Queensland, Vanuatu
Dendrocnide nervosa (H.J.P.Winkl.) Chew - New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Dendrocnide oblanceolata (Merr.) Chew - Borneo, Sulawesi
Dendrocnide peltata[15] (Blume) Miq. - Christmas Island, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, New Guinea
Dendrocnide photinophylla[16] (Kunth) Chew - New South Wales, Queensland
Dendrocnide pruritivus H.St.John - Fiji, Wallis and Futuna
Dendrocnide rechingeri (H.J.P.Winkl.) Chew - Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Dendrocnide rigidifolia (C.B.Rob.) Chew - Philippines
Dendrocnide schlechteri (H.J.P.Winkl.) Chew - Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Dendrocnide sessiliflora (Warb.) Chew - Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea
Dendrocnide sinuata[17] (Blume) Chew - Nepal to southern China and western Malesia including Christmas Island
Dendrocnide stimulans (L.f.) Chew - China (Guangdong), Hainan, Taiwan, Indo-China, western and central Malesia
Dendrocnide subclausa (C.B.Rob.) Chew - Philippines
Dendrocnide ternatensis (Miq.) Chew - Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku Islands, New Guinea
Dendrocnide torricellensis (Lauterb.) Chew - New Guinea
Dendrocnide urentissima (Gagnep.) Chew - Cambodia, south-central and south-east China, Vietnam
Dendrocnide venosa (Elmer) Chew - Philippines
Dendrocnide vitiensis (Seem.) Chew - Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa

References

Chew, W.L. (2021). Kodela, P.G. (ed.). "Dendrocnide Miq". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
"Dendrocnide Miq". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
Chew, W.L. (2021). Kodela, P.G. (ed.). "Dendrocnide excelsa". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
"PlantNET - FloraOnline". PlantNET (The NSW Plant Information Network System). Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
"Dendrocnide Miq". World Flora Online. World Flora Online Consortium. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
Mlynarik, Tony. "Stinging Trees: Plants that make you go hmmm…". Land for Wildlife - South East Queensland. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
Stafleu, F.A. "F. A. W. Miquel, Netherlands botanist" (PDF). Naturalis Institutional Repository. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
Miquel, F.A.G. "Plantae junghuhnianae". Biodiversity Heritage Library. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
Chew, W.-L.; Kodela, P.G. Kodela, P.G. (ed.). "Dendrocnide moroides". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
"Dendrocnide corallodesme". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
"Dendrocnide cordifolia". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
"Dendrocnide excelsa". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
"PlantNET - FloraOnline". PlantNET (The NSW Plant Information Network System). Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
"Dendrocnide moroides". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
"Dendrocnide peltata". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
"Dendrocnide photiniphylla". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 19 July 2021.

"Dendrocnide sinuata". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 19 July 2021.

Notes

Plants of the World Online recognises 42 species, Flora of Australia 37, and World Flora Online 43