Limonia

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Orchidaceae
Subfamilia: Epidendroideae
Tribus: Dendrobieae
Subtribus: Dendrobiinae
Genus: Dendrobium
Species: Dendrobium densiflorum
Name

Dendrobium densiflorum Lindl. in N.Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 34 (1830)
Synonyms

Homotypic
Callista densiflora (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 654 (1891)
Heterotypic
Epidendrum dumunsuttu Buch.-Ham. ex Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 90 (1830)
Dendrobium clavatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 481 (1832)
Endeisa flava Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 51 (1837)
Dendrobium schroederi B.S.Williams, Nursery Cat. (B.S.Williams) 1869(Spring):8. (1869)
Dendrobium densiflorum f. parviflorum Regel, Gartenflora 23: 67 (1874)

References

Lindley, J. 1830. in N.Wallich, Plantae Asiaticae Rariores 1: 34, pl. 40.
Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (eds.) 2014. Genera Orchidacearum Volume 6: Epidendroideae (Part three); page 51 ff., Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19964-651-7
Govaerts, R. et al. 2014. Dendrobium densiflorum in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2014 Mar. 29. Reference page.
Emonocot.org 2014. Dendrobium densiflorum in The Orders and Families of Monocotyledons. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2014 Mar. 29.
Tropicos.org 2014. Dendrobium densiflorum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2014 Mar. 29.
International Plant Names Index. 2014. Dendrobium densiflorum. Published online. Accessed: 29. Mar. 2014.
The Plant List 2013. Dendrobium densiflorum in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2014 Mar. 29.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Asia-Temperate
Regional: China
China Southeast, Hainan, Tibet.
Continental: Asia-Tropical
Regional: Indian Subcontinent
Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, Nepal.
Regional: Indo-China
Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
Vernacular names

English: Densely flowered Dendrobium
中文: 密花石斛

Dendrobium densiflorum is a species of epiphytic or lithophytic orchid, native to Asia. It has club-shaped stems, three or four leathery leaves and densely flowered, hanging bunches of relatively large pale yellow and golden yellow flowers.

Description

Dendrobium densiflorum is an epiphytic or lithophytic orchid with stems that are club-shaped, swollen at the base, 250–400 mm (10–20 in) long and about 20 mm (0.8 in) wide. There are three or four leathery, oblong to lance-shaped leaves 80–170 mm (3–7 in) long and 26–40 mm (1–2 in) wide near the end of the stem. A large number of flowers are densely packed around a hanging flowering stem 60–160 mm (2–6 in) long. Each flower has a greenish white pedicel and ovary 20–25 mm (0.8–1 in) long. The flowers are 30–40 mm (1–2 in) wide with pale yellow sepals and petals and a golden yellow labellum. The sepals are lance-shaped to egg-shaped, 17–21 mm (0.7–0.8 in) long and 8–12 mm (0.3–0.5 in) wide. The petals are almost round, 15–20 mm (0.6–0.8 in) long and 11–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) wide with irregular edges on the outer half. The labellum is more or less square to round, 17–22 mm (0.7–0.9 in) long and wide with a partly woolly surface. The edges of the labellum surround the column.[2]
Taxonomy and naming

Dendrobium densiflorum was first formally described in 1830 by John Lindley and the description was published in Nathaniel Wallich's book, Plantae Asiaticae rariores.[1][3]
Distribution and habitat

Mi hua shi hu grows in the trunks of broadleaved, evergreen trees and on rocks in mountain valleys at elevations between 400 and 1,000 m (1,000 and 3,000 ft). It is found in China, Bhutan, northeastern India, Myanmar, Nepal and Thailand.[2][4][5][6][7]

Dendrobium guibertii and D. amabile are similar species and sometimes confused with D. densiflorum, leading to uncertainty as to the distribution of this species.[2]
Uses

Chemical compounds useful in medicine, including phenanthrenes have been extracted from this orchid.[8][9]
References

"Dendrobium densiflorum". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
"Dendrobium densiflorum". Flora of China. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
Lindley, John; Wallich, Nathaniel (ed.) (1830). Plantae Asiaticae rariores, or, Descriptions and figures of a select number of unpublished East Indian plants (Volume 1). London: Treuttel and Wurtz, Treuttel Jun. and Richter. p. 34. Retrieved 13 November 2018. {{cite book}}: |first2= has generic name (help)
Huda, M.K., Rahman, M.A. & Wil (2001). Notes on the Orchidaceae of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 8(2): 9-17.
Rahman, M.O. (2004). Second list of angiospermic taxa of Bangladesh not included in Hooker's 'Flora of British India' and Prain's 'Bengal Plants': series I. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 11: 77-82.
Lucksom, S.Z. (2007). The orchids of Sikkim and North East Himalaya: 1-984. S.Z.Lucksom, India.
Raskoti, B.B. (2009). The Orchids of Nepal: 1-252. Bhakta Bahadur Raskoti and Rita Ale.
Kovács, Adriána; Vasas, Andrea; Hohmann, Judit (March 2008). "Natural phenanthrenes and their biological activity". Phytochemistry. 69 (5): 1084–1110. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.12.005. PMID 18243254.
"KNApSAcK Metabolite Information - Moscatin,Plicatol B". kanaya.naist.jp. Retrieved 15 November 2018.