Cynometra

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Fabales

Familia: Fabaceae
Subfamilia: Detarioideae
Tribus: Amherstieae
Genus: Cynometra
Species: C. abrahamii – C. alexandri – C. americana – C. ananta – C. ankaranensis – C. aurita – C. basifoliola – C. bauhiniifolia – C. beddomei – C. bourdillonii – C. brachymischa – C. brachyrrhachis – C. brassii – C. browneoides – C. capuronii – C. cauliflora – C. cebuensis – C. cerebriformis – C. commersoniana – C. congensis – C. copelandii – C. craibii – C. crassifolia – C. cubensis – C. cuneata – C. cynometroides – C. dauphinensis – C. dongnaiensis – C. duckei – C. dwyeri – C. elmeri – C. engleri – C. falcata – C. filifera – C. fissicuspis – C. floretii – C. fortuna-tironis – C. gillmanii – C. glomerulata – C. grandiflora – C. greenwayi – C. hankei – C. hemitomophylla – C. hondurensis – C. hostmanniana – C. humboldtiana – C. inaequifolia – C. insularis – C. iripa – C. katikii – C. lenticellata – C. leonensis – C. letestui – C. longicuspis – C. longifolia – C. longipedicellata – C. lujae – C. lukei – C. lyallii – C. macrocarpa – C. madagascariensis – C. malaccensis – C. mannii – C. marginata – C. mariettae – C. marleneae – C. mayottensis – C. megalocephala – C. megalophylla – C. michelsonii – C. minor – C. minutiflora – C. mirabilis – C. novoguineensis – C. nyangensis – C. oaxacana – C. oddonii – C. palustris – C. parvifolia – C. pedicellata – C. pervilleana – C. phaselocarpa – C. plurijuga – C. polyandra – C. portoricensis – C. psilogyne – C. ramiflora – C. retusa – C. rosea – C. roseiflora – C. sakalava – C. sanagaensis – C. schefferi – C. schlechteri – C. schottiana – C. sessiliflora – C. simplicifolia – C. sphaerocarpa – C. steenisii – C. stenopetala – C. steyermarkii – C. suaheliensis – C. travancorica – C. trinitensis – C. tumbesiana – C. ulugurensis – C. vestita – C. vitiensis – C. vogelii – C. warburgii – C. webberi – C. yokotae – C. zeylanica
Source(s) of checklist:

For those with strikethrough above, see #Notes.
Name

Cynometra L., Sp. Pl. 1: 382 (1753)

Type species: Cynometra cauliflora L. LT designated by N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Scient. Surv. Porto Rico 363 (1926).

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Iripa Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 508 (1763).
Maniltoa Scheff., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 1: 20 (1876).
Metrocynia Thouars, Gen. Nov. Madagasc.: 22 (1806).
Pseudocynometra Kuntze in T.E. von Post & C.E.O. Kuntze, Lex. Gen. Phan.: 464 (1903).
Schizosiphon K.Schum. in K.M. Schumann & U.M. Hollrung, Fl. Kais. Wilh. Land: 101 (1889).

Notes

According to Radosavljevic (2019), some of the mainland tropical African species of this genus (those struck out at the above checklist) should be excluded and will be transferred to a new as yet un-named genus in the future. However, until this happens, if indeed it does, then this is just a taxonomic opinion by a single author and WS cannot make any changes.
Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Africa
Regional: West Tropical Africa
Benin, Gambia, The, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
Regional: West-Central Tropical Africa
Burundi, Cabinda, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Gulf of Guinea Islands, Zaïre
Regional: East Tropical Africa
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Regional: South Tropical Africa
Angola
Regional: Western Indian Ocean
Comoros, Madagascar
Continental: Asia-Tropical
Regional: Indian Subcontinent
Assam, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka
Regional: Indo-China
Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Vietnam
Regional: Malesia
Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Christmas Isle
Regional: Papuasia
Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Continental: Australasia
Regional: Australia
Northern Territory, Queensland
Continental: Pacific
Regional: Southwestern Pacific
Fiji, New Caledonia, Tonga
Regional: South-Central Pacific
Society Islands (introduced).
Regional: Northwestern Pacific
Caroline Islands, Marianas
Continental: Northern America
Regional: Mexico
Mexico Gulf, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest
Continental: Southern America
Regional: Central America
Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama
Regional: Caribbean
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago
Regional: Northern South America
French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
Regional: Western South America
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Regional: Brazil
Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central
Regional: Southern South America
Argentina Northeast, Chile Central

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 382. Reference page.

Additional references

Radosavljevic, A. 2019. The rise of Cynometra (Leguminosae) and the fall of Maniltoa: a generic re-circumscription and the addition of 4 new species. PhytoKeys 127: 1-37. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.127.29817 Open access Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Cynometra in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 May 6. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2021. Cynometra. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 May 6. Reference page. follows ILDIS (2014) so outdated
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Cynometra. Published online. Accessed: Sept. 10 2020.
Tropicos.org 2021. Cynometra. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 May 6.

Vernacular names
русский: Цинометра
Tiếng Việt: Chi Mót
中文: 喃喃果属

Cynometra is genus of tropical forest trees with a pantropical distribution. It is particularly important as a forest component in west Africa and the neotropics. Cynometra alexandri (muhimbi) is a familiar timber tree of central and east Africa. The genus is a member of the subfamily Detarioideae. It has been suggested that Cynometra is polyphyletic and is in need of revision.[1] In 2019, beside description of 4 new species (i.e. Cynometra cerebriformis, C. dwyeri, C. steyermarkii and C. tumbesiana), Aleksandar Radosavljevic [species] suggested that the species formerly recognized as Maniltoa should be included in this genus and some of the mainland tropical African species (those with asterisk in the list below) excluded from this genus because of their jointed pedicels and dehiscent fruits (he has not yet published any new combination for them, though).[2]
Species

The list below is based on Plants of the World Online[3] and Radosavljevic (2019).

Cynometra abrahamii Du Puy & R.Rabev.
Cynometra alexandri* C.H.Wright
Cynometra americana Vogel
Cynometra ananta* Hutch. & Dalziel
Cynometra ankaranensis Du Puy & R.Rabev.
Cynometra aurita R.Vig.
Cynometra basifoliola [species] (Verdc.) Rados.
Cynometra bauhiniifolia Benth.
Cynometra beddomei Prain
Cynometra bourdillonii Gamble
Cynometra brachymischa Harms
Cynometra brachyrrhachis* Harms
Cynometra brassii [species] (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Rados.
Cynometra browneoides [species] (Harms) Rados.
Cynometra capuronii Du Puy & R.Rabev.
Cynometra cauliflora L.
Cynometra cebuensis F.Seid.
Cynometra cerebriformis [species] Rados.
Cynometra commersoniana Baill.
Cynometra congensis De Wild.
Cynometra copelandii (Elmer) Merr.
Cynometra craibii Gagnep.
Cynometra crassifolia Benth.
Cynometra cubensis A.Rich.
Cynometra cuneata Tul.
Cynometra cynometroides [species] (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Rados.
Cynometra dauphinensis Du Puy & R.Rabev.
Cynometra dongnaiensis [species] Pierre
Cynometra duckei [species] Dwyer
Cynometra dwyeri [species] Rados.
Cynometra elmeri [species] Merr.
Cynometra engleri* Harms
Cynometra falcata A.Gray
Cynometra filifera* Harms
Cynometra fissicuspis (Pittier) Pittier
Cynometra floretii Labat & O.Pascal
Cynometra fortuna-tironis [species] (Verdc.) Rados.
Cynometra gillmanii* J.Léonard
Cynometra glomerulata Gagnep.
Cynometra grandiflora A.Gray (syn. Maniltoa grandiflora (A.Gray) Scheff.)
Cynometra greenwayi [species]* Brenan
Cynometra hankei [species]* Harms
Cynometra hemitomophylla (Donn.Sm.) Rose
Cynometra hondurensis [species] Dwyer
Cynometra hostmanniana Tul.
Cynometra humboldtiana Stergios
Cynometra inaequifolia A.Gray
Cynometra insularis A.C.Sm.
Cynometra iripa Kostel.
Cynometra katikii Verdc.
Cynometra lenticellata [species] (C.T.White) Rados. (syn. Maniltoa lenticellata C.T.White)
Cynometra leonensis [species]* Hutch. & Dalziel
Cynometra letestui [species] (Pellegr.) J.Léonard
Cynometra longicuspis Ducke
Cynometra longifolia Huber
Cynometra longipedicellata* Harms
Cynometra lujae* De Wild.
Cynometra lukei Beentje
Cynometra lyallii Baker
Cynometra macrocarpa A.S.Tav.
Cynometra madagascariensis Baill.
Cynometra malaccensis [fr; ms; species] Meeuwen
Cynometra mannii Oliv.
Cynometra marginata Benth.
Cynometra mariettae [species] (Meeuwen) Rados.
Cynometra marleneae A.S.Tav.
Cynometra mayottensis Labat & O.Pascal
Cynometra megalocephala [species] (Harms) Rados.
Cynometra megalophylla Harms
Cynometra michelsonii [species] J.Léonard
Cynometra minor [species] (A.C.Sm.) Rados. (syn. Maniltoa minor A.C.Sm.)
Cynometra minutiflora F.Muell.
Cynometra mirabilis [species] Meeuwen
Cynometra novoguineensis [species] Merr. & L.M.Perry
Cynometra nyangensis* Pellegr.
Cynometra oaxacana Brandegee
Cynometra oddonii* De Wild.
Cynometra palustris [species]* J.Léonard
Cynometra parvifolia Tul.
Cynometra pedicellata* De Wild.
Cynometra pervilleana Baill.
Cynometra phaselocarpa (B.Heyne) J.F.Macbr.
Cynometra plurijuga [species] (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Rados.
Cynometra polyandra Roxb.
Cynometra portoricensis Krug & Urb.
Cynometra psilogyne [species] (Harms) Rados.
Cynometra ramiflora L.
Cynometra retusa Britton & Rose
Cynometra rosea [species] (K.Schum.) Rados. (syn. Maniltoa rosea (K.Schum.) Meeuwen)
Cynometra roseiflora W.E.Cooper
Cynometra sakalava Du Puy & R.Rabev.
Cynometra sanagaensis [species] Aubrév.
Cynometra schefferi [species] (K.Schum.) Rados.
Cynometra schlechteri Harms
Cynometra schottiana Hochr.
Cynometra sessiliflora [species]* Harms
Cynometra simplicifolia Harms
Cynometra sphaerocarpa Pittier
Cynometra steenisii [species] (Meeuwen) Rados.
Cynometra stenopetala [species] Dwyer
Cynometra steyermarkii [species] Rados.
Cynometra suaheliensis* (Taub.) Baker f.
Cynometra travancorica Bedd.
Cynometra trinitensis Oliv.
Cynometra tumbesiana [species] Rados.
Cynometra ulugurensis* Harms
Cynometra vestita [species] (A.C.Sm.) Rados. (syn. Maniltoa vestita A.C.Sm.)
Cynometra vitiensis [species] Rados. (syn. Maniltoa floribunda A.C.Sm.)
Cynometra vogelii Hook.f.
Cynometra warburgii Harms
Cynometra webberi* Baker f.
Cynometra yokotae [species] Kaneh.
Cynometra zeylanica Kosterm.

References

Radosavljevic A, Mackinder BA, Herendeen PS. (2017). "Phylogeny of the Detarioid Legume Genera Cynometra and Maniltoa (Leguminosae)". Systematic Botany. 42 (4): 670–679. doi:10.1600/036364417X696465. S2CID 91017745.
Radosavljevic, Aleksandar (2019). "The rise of Cynometra (Leguminosae) and the fall of Maniltoa: a generic re-circumscription and the addition of 4 new species". PhytoKeys. 127: 1–37. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.127.29817.
POWO (2019). "Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:22178-1 Retrieved 11 May 2021."