Cymbidium hookerianum

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Orchidaceae
Subfamilia: Epidendroideae
Tribus: Cymbidieae
Subtribus: Cymbidiinae
Genus: Cymbidium
Species: Cymbidium hookerianum
Name

Cymbidium hookerianum Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1866: 7 (1866)
Synonymy

Homotypic
Cymbidium giganteum var. hookerianum (Rchb.f.) Desbois, Orchid: 119 (1893)
Heterotypic
Cymbidium grandiflorum Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 342 (1851), nom. illeg.
Cymbidium grandiflorum var. punctatum Cogn., J. Orchidées 4: 76 (1893)
Cyperorchis grandiflora Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 107 (1924)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Asia-Temperate
China
China South-Central, China Southeast, Tibet.
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Assam, East Himalaya, Nepal.
Indo-China
Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Reichenbach, H.G. 1866. The Gardeners' Chronicle & Agricultural Gazette 7.

Links

Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Cymbidium hookerianum. Accessed: 2022 May 15.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Cymbidium hookerianum in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 May 15. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Cymbidium hookerianum in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 May 15. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2022. Cymbidium hookerianum. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2022. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2022 May 15. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Cymbidium hookerianum. Published online. Accessed: 15 May 2022.
Tropicos.org 2022. Cymbidium hookerianum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 15 May 2022.

Vernacular names

中文（臺灣）: 虎頭蘭

Cymbidium hookerianum (common name Hooker's Cymbidium) is a species of orchid found in India, China, and Vietnam. It is distributed widely in Bhutan, especially in the cool temperate forests.

Description
Illustration of Cymbidium hookerianum

Cymbidium hookerianum is a species of medium to large size orchid, which prefers cold weather. It is epiphytic with an ovoid pseudobulb, elongated with ligulate, acuminate, and articulated leaves. It blooms in a solid inflorescence, sheathed at the base, hanging and arched, 75 cm long, apical with triangular floral bracts and bearing 6 to 15 flowers, 14 cm long. It has a very fragrant and long-lasting oder. Flowering occurs in late winter and spring.[1]
Distribution and habitat

It is distributed throughout Nepal, Bhutan, and Sikkim on steep river banks in dense and humid forests or oak forests, always at heights of 1600 to 2400 meters.[1]
Taxonomy

Cymbidium hookerianum was described by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach and published in The Gardeners' Chronicle & Agricultural Gazette in 1866.[2]
Etymology

Cymbidium: The name derives from the Greek word kumbos, which means "hole, cavity". This refers to the shape of the base of the lip. According to other scholars it derives from the Greek kimbe, which means boat, for the shape of the ship that the lip assumes.

The species name hookerianum was chosen in honor of botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker, "an excellent name too, given with the writer's best wishes as a gratulation for the first new year's day of his Kew directorship, to Dr. Hooker."[3]
Synonyms

Cymbidium grandiflorum Griff. (1851)
Cyperorchis grandiflora (Sw.) Schltr. 1924<[1][4][5]

References

Pfahl, Jay. "Cymbidium hookerianum". Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
"!Cymbidium hookerianum Rchb. f." Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Archived from the original on 2020-02-14. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
Reichenbach, Heinrich Gustav. in The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette. 1866. Page 7. [1]
"Cymbidium hookerianum Rchb.f." The Plant List. Archived from the original on 2020-04-07. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
"Cymbidium hookerianum". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Archived from the original on 2020-04-07. Retrieved April 7, 2020.