Corydalis

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Ordo: Ranunculales

Familia: Papaveraceae
Subfamilia: Fumarioideae
Tribus: Fumarieae
Genus: Corydalis
Overview of species (529)

C. aconitiflora – C. acropteryx – C. acuminata – C. adiantifolia – C. adoxifolia – C. adunca – C. aeaeae – C. aeditua – C. afghanica – C. ainae – C. aitchisonii – C. alaschanica – C. alexeenkoana – C. alpestris – C. amarnathiana – C. ambigua – C. ampelos – C. amphipogon – C. amplisepala – C. anaginova – C. ananke – C. anethifolia – C. angusta – C. angustifolia – C. anthocrene – C. anthriscifolia – C. appendiculata – C. aquilegioides – C. arctica – C. arcuata – C. atuntsuensis – C. aurantiaca – C. aurea – C. auricilla – C. auriculata
b

C. baekunnensis – C. balansae – C. balsamiflora – C. barbisepala – C. benecincta – C. bibracteolata – C. biflora – C. bijiangensis – C. bimaculata – C. birmanica – C. blanda – C. bombylina – C. bonghwaensis – C. borii – C. bosbutooensis – C. brachyceras – C. bracteata – C. brevipedicellata – C. brevipedunculata – C. brevirostrata – C. brunneovaginata – C. bucharica – C. bulbifera – C. bulbilligera – C. bulleyana – C. bungeana – C. buschii
c

C. calliantha – C. calycina – C. calycosa – C. campulicarpa – C. capillipes – C. capitata – C. capnoides – C. caput-medusae – C. carinata – C. caseana – C. cashmeriana – C. casimiriana – C. cataractarum – C. caucasica – C. caudata – C. cava – C. cavei – C. chaerophylla – C. chamdoensis – C. changuensis – C. cheilanthifolia – C. cheilosticta – C. cheirifolia – C. chihuahuana – C. chingii – C. chionophila – C. chrysosphaera – C. clarkei – C. clavibracteata – C. clematis – C. cofouensis – C. conorhiza – C. conspersa – C. cornuta – C. corymbosa – C. crassifolia – C. crassipedicellata – C. crispa – C. crista-galli – C. cristata – C. crithmifolia – C. cryptogama – C. crystallina – C. curvicalcarata – C. curviflora – C. curvisiliqua – C. cytisiflora
d

C. dajingensis – C. darwasica – C. dasyptera – C. dautica – C. davidii – C. decumbens – C. degensis – C. delavayi – C. delicatula – C. delphinioides – C. densiflora – C. densispica – C. devendrae – C. diffusa – C. diphylla – C. dolichocentra – C. dongchuanensis – C. dorjii – C. drakeana – C. drepanantha – C. dubia – C. duclouxii – C. dulongjiangensis – C. duthiei
e

C. ecristata – C. edulis – C. elata – C. elegans – C. ellipticarpa – C. emanueli – C. enantiophylla – C. erdelii – C. erythrocarpa – C. esquirolii – C. eugeniae
f

C. falconeri – C. fangshanensis – C. fargesii – C. farreri – C. feddeana – C. fedtschenkoana – C. filicina – C. filiformis – C. filisecta – C. filistipes – C. fimbrillifera – C. fimbripetala – C. flabellata – C. flaccida – C. flavula – C. flexuosa – C. foetida – C. foliaceobracteata – C. franchetiana – C. fukuharae – C. fumariifolia
g

C. gamosepala – C. gaoxinfeniae – C. geraniifolia – C. gigantea – C. giraldii – C. glaucescens – C. glaucissima – C. glycyphyllos – C. gorinensis – C. gorodkovii – C. gortschakovii – C. gotlandica – C. gouldii – C. govaniana – C. gracilis – C. gracillima – C. grandicalyx – C. grandiflora – C. griffithii – C. grubovii – C. gymnopoda – C. gypsophila – C. gyrophylla
h

C. hamata – C. hannae – C. harry-smithii – C. haussknechtii – C. hebephylla – C. hegangensis – C. helodes – C. hemidicentra – C. hemsleyana – C. hendersonii – C. henrikii – C. hepaticifolia – C. heracleifolia – C. heterocarpa – C. heterocentra – C. heterodonta – C. heteropetala – C. heterophylla – C. heterothylax – C. hindukushensis – C. homopetala – C. hongbashanensis – C. hookeri – C. hsiaowutaishanensis – C. hualongshanensis – C. huangshanensis – C. humicola – C. humilis – C. humosa
i

C. imbricata – C. impatiens – C. incisa – C. inconspicua – C. inopinata – C. integra – C. intermedia – C. iochanensis – C. ischnosiphon
j

C. jigmei – C. jingyuanensis – C. jiulongensis – C. juncea
k

C. kailiensis – C. kashgarica – C. kedarensis – C. khasiana – C. kiautschouensis – C. kingdonis – C. kingii – C. kiukiangensis – C. kokiana – C. kovakensis – C. krasnovii – C. kuruchuensis – C. kushiroensis – C. kusnetzovii
l

C. laelia – C. lagochila – C. lasiocarpa – C. lathyroides – C. lathyrophylla – C. latiflora – C. latilepidota – C. latiloba – C. laucheana – C. laxiflora – C. ledebouriana – C. leptantha – C. leptocarpa – C. leptophylla – C. leucanthema – C. lhasaensis – C. lhorongensis – C. liana – C. lidenii – C. linarioides – C. lineariloba – C. linearis – C. linjiangensis – C. linstowiana – C. livida – C. longibracteata – C. longicalcarata – C. longicornu – C. longipes – C. longistyla – C. longkiensis – C. lophophora – C. lopinensis – C. lowndesii – C. ludlowii – C. lupinoides – C. luquanensis – C. lydica
m

C. maackii – C. macrocalyx – C. macrocentra – C. madida – C. magadanica – C. magni – C. mairei – C. malkensis – C. maracandica – C. mayae – C. mediterranea – C. megacalyx – C. megalosperma – C. meifolia – C. melanochlora – C. meyori – C. micrantha – C. microflora – C. microphylla – C. microsperma – C. milarepa – C. minutiflora – C. mira – C. moorcroftiana – C. moupinensis – C. mucronata – C. mucronifera – C. mucronipetala – C. muliensis – C. multiflora – C. murgabica – C. myriophylla
n

C. nana – C. nanwutaishanensis – C. nematopoda – C. nemoralis – C. nigroapiculata – C. nobilis – C. nubicola – C. nudicaulis
o

C. ochotensis – C. ohii – C. oligantha – C. oligosperma – C. omeiana – C. onobrychis – C. ophiocarpa – C. oppositifolia – C. oreocoma – C. ornata – C. orthopoda – C. oxalidifolia – C. oxypetala
p

C. pachycentra – C. pachypoda – C. paczoskii – C. paeoniifolia – C. pakistanica – C. pallida – C. pallidiflora – C. panda – C. paniculigera – C. papillosa – C. parviflora – C. paschei – C. pauciflora – C. peltata – C. persica – C. petrodoxa – C. petrophila – C. petroselinifolia – C. philippi – C. pingwuensis – C. pinnata – C. pinnatibracteata – C. podlechii – C. polygalina – C. polyphylla – C. popovii – C. porphyrantha – C. portenieri – C. potaninii – C. praecipitorum – C. prattii – C. procera – C. pseudimpatiens – C. pseudoadoxa – C. pseudoadunca – C. pseudoalpestris – C. pseudoamplisepala – C. pseudobalfouriana – C. pseudobarbisepala – C. pseudocristata – C. pseudodensispica – C. pseudodrakeana – C. pseudofargesii – C. pseudofilisecta – C. pseudofluminicola – C. pseudohemsleyana – C. pseudoincisa – C. pseudojuncea – C. pseudolongipes – C. pseudomairei – C. pseudomicrantha – C. pseudomicrophylla – C. pseudomucronata – C. pseudorupestris – C. pseudosibirica – C. pseudostricta – C. pseudotongolensis – C. pseudoweigoldii – C. pterygopetala – C. pubicaula – C. pulchella – C. pumila – C. punicea – C. pycnopus – C. pygmaea
q

C. qilianshanica – C. qinghaiensis – C. quantmeyeriana – C. quinquefoliolata
r

C. racemosa – C. raddeana – C. radicans – C. rarissima – C. regia – C. repens – C. retingensis – C. rheinbabeniana – C. rorida – C. rostellata – C. rubrisepala – C. ruksansii – C. rupestris – C. rupifraga – C. rutifolia
s

C. saccata – C. sajanensis – C. saltatoria – C. sangardanica – C. sarcolepis – C. saxicola – C. scaberula – C. schanginii – C. schelesnowiana – C. schistostigma – C. schusteriana – C. schweriniana – C. scouleri – C. seisumsiana – C. semenowii – C. sewerzowii – C. shakyae – C. sheareri – C. shennongensis – C. shensiana – C. sherriffii – C. shimienensis – C. sibirica – C. sigmantha – C. sigmoides – C. sikkimensis – C. simplex – C. smithiana – C. sochivkoi – C. solida – C. sophronitis – C. spathulata – C. speciosa – C. spicata – C. staintonii – C. stenantha – C. stenophylla – C. stipulata – C. stolonifera – C. stracheyi – C. straminea – C. straminoides – C. striatocarpa – C. stricta – C. subjenisseensis – C. subverticillata – C. susannae – C. suzhiyunii
t

C. taliensis – C. talpina – C. tangutica – C. tarkiensis – C. tauricola – C. teberdensis – C. temolana – C. temulifolia – C. tenerrima – C. tenuipes – C. ternata – C. ternatifolia – C. terracina – C. thasia – C. thyrsiflora – C. tianshanica – C. tianzhuensis – C. tibetica – C. tibetoalpina – C. tibeto-oppositifolia – C. tomentella – C. tongolensis – C. trachycarpa – C. transalaica – C. trifoliolata – C. trilobipetala – C. trisecta – C. triternata – C. triternatifolia – C. tsangensis – C. tsayulensis – C. turtschaninovii
u

C. udokanica – C. uncinata – C. uncinatella – C. uniflora – C. uranoscopa – C. ussuriensis – C. uvaria
v

C. vaginans – C. verna – C. verticillaris – C. violacea – C. virginea – C. vittae – C. vivipara – C. vyschinii
w

C. watanabei – C. weigoldii – C. wendelboi – C. wilfordii – C. wilsonii – C. wuzhengyiana
y

C. yanhusuo – C. yaoi – C. yargongensis – C. yui – C. yunnanensis
z

C. zadoiensis – C. zeravschanica – C. zetterlundii – C. zhongdianensis
Nothospecies (5)

C. × budensis – C. × hausmannii – C. × hybrida – C. × neumannii – C. × vorobievii
Source(s) of checklist:

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Corydalis in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Mar 7. Reference page.

Name

Corydalis DC. in Lamarck & A.P. de Candolle, Fl. Franç. ed. 3., 4: 637 (1805), nom. cons.

Type species: C. bulbosa
(L.) DC.

Synonyms

Homotypic
Pistolochia Bernh., Syst. Verz. Erf.: 57 (1800). nom. rej.
Heterotypic
Calocapnos Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 7: 72 (1839).
Typus: Calocapnos nobilis (L.) Spach
Capnites (DC.) Dumort., Fl. Belg.: 117 (1827).
Type species: non design.
Corydalis sect. Capnites DC., Prodr. 1: 126 (1824).
Bulbocapnos Bernh., Linnaea 8: 469 (1833).
Capnogonium Bernh. ex Endl., Gen. Pl., Suppl. 2: 107 (1842).
Cryptoceras Schott & Kotschy, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 4: 121 (1854).
Type species: non design.
Cysticorydalis Fedde ex Ikonn. in H.G.A.Engler, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 17b: 137 (1936).
Type species: non design.
Odoptera Raf., First Cat. Gard. Transylv. Univ.: 15 (1824).
Sophorocapnos Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21(I): 570 (1848).
Typus: Sophorocapnos pallida (Pers.) Turcz. (= Corydalis pallida Pers.)

Note:

Conserved over the earlier homonym Corydalis Medik., also against Pistolochia Bernh., Capnoides Mill., Cysticapnos Mill., & Pseudofumaria Medik.
References
Additional references

Popov, M.G. 1937. Corydalis. Pp. 649–705 in Komarov, V.L. & Schischkin, B.K. (eds.), Flora URSS (Flora Unionis Rerumpublicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum) VII. [Nymphaeaceae – Papaveraceae]. xxvi + 615 pp., Academia Scientiarum URSS, Mosqua, Leningrad. DJVU BHL (English translation) Reference page.
Wendelbo, P.E.B. 1974. Fumariaceae. Pp. 1-32 in Wendelbo, P.E.B., Fumariaceae. In: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.) Flora Iranica. Vol. 110. 32 pp., 22 tab., Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt Graz. Reference page.
Long, D.G. Corydalis. Pp. - in Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. 1984. Flora of Bhutan: including a record of plants from Sikkim, Vol. 1, Part 2. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, ISBN 0-9504270-2-0. Reference page.
Lidén, M. 1988. Tuberous Corydalis in the Mediterranean checklist area. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 45(2): 349–363. Archive.org Reference page.
Lidén, M. 1996. New taxa of tuberous Corydalis (Fumariaceae). Willdenowia 26(1–2): 23–35. DOI: 10.3372/wi.26.2602 Open access Reference page.
Lidén, M. & Su, Z.Y. 1997. Corydalis in China I: Some new species. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 54(1): 55-84. DOI: 10.1017/S0960428600003863 Paywall Reference page.
Stern, K.R. 1997. Corydalis. Pp. - in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.), Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 3: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae. 590 pp. Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford, ISBN 0-19-511246-6. efloras Reference page.
Govaerts, R. 1999. World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b). 1532 pp.. MIM, Deurne. ISBN 90-5720-098-8 (issue 1), ISBN 90-5720-099-6 (issue 2b). Reference page.
Lidén, M. & Su, Z.Y. 2007. New Species of Corydalis (Fumariaceae) from China II. Novon 17(4): 479–496. BHL PDF Reference page.
Gao, X.F., Peng, Y.L., Lidén, M. & Wang, Y.W. 2008. Three New Species of Corydalis (Fumariaceae) from Northwestern Sichuan, China. Novon 18(3): 330-335. PDF: Reference page.
Zhang, M.-L., Su, Z.Y. & Lidén, M. 2008. Corydalis. Pp. 401, 408 in Wu, Zh.Y. , Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.), Flora of China. Volume 7: Menispermaceae through Capparaceae. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, ISBN 978-1-930723-81-8. efloras PDF Reference page.
Mikhailova, M.A. 2011. Corydalis sochivkoi Mikhailova (Fumariaceae), A new species from Kyrgyzstan. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii 42: 132–135. PDF: Reference page.
Pathak, M.K., Chowlu, K., Bhaskar, S. & Lidén, M. 2013. Fumariaceae in North East India: New Species and Records in Corydalis and Dactylicapnos. Nelumbo 55: 31–50. PDF Reference page.
Wang, D., Xu, X. & Gan, Q.L. 2017. Corydalis pseudoamplisepala (Papaveraceae), a New Species from NW Hubei, China. Annales Botanici Fennici 54(4–6): 223-227. DOI: 10.5735/085.054.0604 Paywall ResearchGate Open access Reference page.

Links

Hassler, M. 2020. Corydalis. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2020. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 March 5. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Corydalis in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 March 5. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Corydalis. Published online. Accessed: 5 March 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Corydalis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Mar 7.
Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Corydalis in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2020 Mar 7.

Vernacular names
azərbaycanca: Mahmızlalə
башҡортса: Яҙ йондоҙо
беларуская: Чубатка
čeština: dymnivka
dansk: Lærkespore
Deutsch: Lerchensporne
English: Fumewort
eesti: Lõokannus
فارسی: بهارک (سرده)
suomi: Kiurunkannukset
français: Corydale
Gaeilge: Giodairiam
hornjoserbsce: Kokorč
magyar: Keltike
հայերեն: Անձխոտ, շահթառակ
日本語: ケマンソウ属
ქართული: ბუჩქისძირა
қазақша: Айдаршөп
한국어: 현호색속
lietuvių: Rūtenis
Nederlands: Helmbloem
polski: Kokorycz
русский: Хохлатка
slovenčina: chochlačka
svenska: Nunneörtssläktet
Türkçe: Kazgagası
удмурт: Ӟускисяська
українська: Ряст
中文: 紫堇属

Corydalis (Greek korydalís "crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical eastern Africa. They are most diverse in China and the Himalayas, with at least 357 species in China.

Ecology

Corydalis species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species (butterflies), especially the clouded Apollo.
Toxicity

Corydalis cava and some other tuberous species contain the alkaloid bulbocapnine, which is occasionally used in medicine but scientific evidence is lacking in the correct dosages and side effects.[1]

Many of the species in Corydalis contain other toxins and alkaloids like canadine, which blocks calcium. The species C. caseana is poisonous to livestock.[2]
Taxonomy
Current species

There are about 470 species, including:

Corydalis ambigua
Corydalis aurea
Corydalis buschii
Corydalis bracteata
Corydalis cava
Corydalis caseana
Corydalis cheilanthifolia – ferny corydalis
Corydalis chelidoniifolia
Corydalis darwasica
Corydalis elegans
Corydalis filistipes
Corydalis flavula
Corydalis flexuosa
Corydalis heterocarpa
Corydalis incisa
Corydalis integra
Corydalis linstowiana
Corydalis micrantha
Corydalis nobilis
Corydalis ochotensis
Corydalis omeiana
Corydalis orthoceras
Corydalis palaestina[3]
Corydalis pallida
Corydalis pauciflora
Corydalis pauciovulata
Corydalis rutifolia
Corydalis saxicola
Corydalis scouleri
Corydalis solida – fumewort
Corydalis vittae
Corydalis wilsonii
Corydalis yanhusuo

Former species

Several former Corydalis have been moved to new genera:

Pseudofumaria

Corydalis lutea = Pseudofumaria lutea – yellow corydalis
Corydalis ochroleuca = Pseudofumaria alba

Capnoides

Corydalis sempervirens = Capnoides sempervirens

References

"CORYDALIS". WebMD. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
Whitney, Stephen (1985). Western Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides). New York: Knopf. p. 556. ISBN 0-394-73127-1.
"Corydalis palaestina (Boiss.) Prantl & Kündig | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science".