Clivia miniata

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamilia: Amaryllidoideae
Tribus: Haemantheae
Genus: Clivia
Species: Clivia miniata
Name

Clivia miniata (Lindl.) Bosse, Vollst. Handb. Blumengart., ed. 3, 1: 768, 1859.
Synonymy

Basionym
Vallota miniata Lindl., Gard. Chron. 1854: 119. 1854.

Homotypic
Himantophyllum miniatum (Lindl.) Groenl., Rev. Hort. 1859: 125. 1859.
Imantophyllum miniatum (Lindl.) Hook., Bot. Mag. 80: t. 4783. 1854.

Heterotypic
Clivia miniata var. citrina W.Watson, Garden (London 1871-1927) 56: 338. 1899.
Clivia miniata var. flava E.Phillips, Fl. Pl. S. Africa 11: t. 411. 1931.
Clivia sulphurea Laing, Wiener Ill. Gart.-Zeitung 2: 275. 1858.
Himantophyllum atrosanguineum F.N.Williams, Cat. 1888: 20. 1888.
Imantophyllum atrosanguineum F.N.Williams, Cat. 1888: 20. 1888.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Africa
Regional: Southern Africa
Cape Provinces, KwaZulu-Natal, Northern Provinces, Swaziland.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Bosse, J.F.W. 1859. Vollst. Handb. Blumengart. ed. 3, 1: 768.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Clivia miniata in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Jul. 30. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Clivia miniata. Published online. Accessed: Jul. 30 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Clivia miniata in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Jul. 30.
Tropicos.org 2018. Clivia miniata. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Jul. 30.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Clivia miniata in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Boslelie
čeština: Řemenatka červená
Deutsch: Klivie
English: Bushlily
español: Clivia
فارسی: خورشیدی
suomi: Kliivia
français: Clivie vermillon
íslenska: Röðulblóm
日本語: ウケザキクンシラン
한국어: 군자란
lietuvių: Raudonoji klivija
polski: Kliwia cynobrowa
русский: Кливия киноварная
slovenčina: Klívia červená
svenska: Mönjelilja
Tiếng Việt: Đại quân tử
中文: 君子兰
isiZulu: uMayime

Clivia miniata, the Natal lily or bush lily or kaffir lily, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Clivia of the family Amaryllidaceae, native to woodland habitats[2] in South Africa (Eastern Cape, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces) as well as in Eswatini. Given suitable conditions it grows into large clumps and is surprisingly water wise. It is also reportedly naturalized in Mexico.[3] It is a popular plant for shady areas and is commonly seen growing in older established suburbs in most Australian states. It is also popular in New Zealand, Japan, China and the USA, particularly California.

Description

The bush lily has a fleshy, mostly underground stem (rhizome) to 2 cm (1 in) in diameter, with numerous fleshy roots. The stem produces long, arching, strap-like leaves growing to about 45 cm (18 in) long, arranged in two opposing rows (distichous). The showy, funnel-shaped flowers are produced in an umbel-shaped inflorescence, colored red, orange or yellow, sometimes with a faint, but very sweet perfume. The fruit is a bright-red spherical berry to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter, producing one to a few seeds.[4]

It is sometimes known in cultivation as "Kaffir lily" (a term considered offensive in South Africa).[5] The same derogatory name is also applied to the genus Hesperantha (formerly Schizostylis).

It contains small amounts of lycorine, making it poisonous.

The genus, Clivia, was named after the Duchess of Northumberland, Lady Charlotte Clive who first cultivated the plant in England and provided the flowers for the type specimen. The Latin specific epithet miniata means “cinnabar", the color of red lead, referring to the flowers.[6]
Cultivation

With a minimum temperature of 10 °C (50 °F), in temperate regions C. miniata is normally cultivated as a houseplant. Like its relative C. nobilis it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit,[7] along with the variety C. miniata var. citrina[8] (confirmed 2017).[9] In warmer sites, it can grow outdoors and is used in landscapes for its attractive evergreen foliage and showy flowers. This clump-forming plant spreads via rhizomes and is particularly suited for shady areas.[10]

Cultivars include Clivia miniata 'Kirstenbosch Splendour', bred by Graham Duncan, which illustrates the cover of the Kirstenbosch centenary book (2013).[11]

See also

List of poisonous plants
List of plants known as lily

References

"Clivia miniata". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2016-06-28.
RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
"The Flowering Plants of South Africa; vol. 1/3". Retrieved 2021-03-25.
"Information about Kaffir Lily". Retrieved 2011-10-21.
"Clivia miniata - PlantZAfrica". Retrieved 2021-03-25.
"RHS Plant Selector - Clivia miniata". Retrieved 15 April 2020.
"RHS Plant Selector - Clivia miniata var. 'citrina'". Retrieved 15 April 2020.
"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 22. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
"Clivia miniata - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2018-07-05.

Hartigh 2013.

Bibliography

Hartigh, Wilma den (17 January 2013). "Kirstenbosch celebrated in print". Media Club South Africa. Retrieved 16 November 2016.

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamilia: Amaryllidoideae
Tribus: Haemantheae
Genus: Clivia
Species: Clivia miniata
Name

Clivia miniata (Lindl.) Bosse, Vollst. Handb. Blumengart., ed. 3, 1: 768, 1859.
Synonymy

Basionym
Vallota miniata Lindl., Gard. Chron. 1854: 119. 1854.

Homotypic
Himantophyllum miniatum (Lindl.) Groenl., Rev. Hort. 1859: 125. 1859.
Imantophyllum miniatum (Lindl.) Hook., Bot. Mag. 80: t. 4783. 1854.

Heterotypic
Clivia miniata var. citrina W.Watson, Garden (London 1871-1927) 56: 338. 1899.
Clivia miniata var. flava E.Phillips, Fl. Pl. S. Africa 11: t. 411. 1931.
Clivia sulphurea Laing, Wiener Ill. Gart.-Zeitung 2: 275. 1858.
Himantophyllum atrosanguineum F.N.Williams, Cat. 1888: 20. 1888.
Imantophyllum atrosanguineum F.N.Williams, Cat. 1888: 20. 1888.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Africa
Regional: Southern Africa
Cape Provinces, KwaZulu-Natal, Northern Provinces, Swaziland.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Bosse, J.F.W. 1859. Vollst. Handb. Blumengart. ed. 3, 1: 768.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Clivia miniata in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Jul. 30. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Clivia miniata. Published online. Accessed: Jul. 30 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Clivia miniata in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Jul. 30.
Tropicos.org 2018. Clivia miniata. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Jul. 30.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Clivia miniata in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Boslelie
čeština: Řemenatka červená
Deutsch: Klivie
English: Bushlily
español: Clivia
فارسی: خورشیدی
suomi: Kliivia
français: Clivie vermillon
íslenska: Röðulblóm
日本語: ウケザキクンシラン
한국어: 군자란
lietuvių: Raudonoji klivija
polski: Kliwia cynobrowa
русский: Кливия киноварная
slovenčina: Klívia červená
svenska: Mönjelilja
Tiếng Việt: Đại quân tử
中文: 君子兰
isiZulu: uMayime

Clivia miniata, the Natal lily or bush lily or kaffir lily, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Clivia of the family Amaryllidaceae, native to woodland habitats[2] in South Africa (Eastern Cape, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces) as well as in Eswatini. Given suitable conditions it grows into large clumps and is surprisingly water wise. It is also reportedly naturalized in Mexico.[3] It is a popular plant for shady areas and is commonly seen growing in older established suburbs in most Australian states. It is also popular in New Zealand, Japan, China and the USA, particularly California.

Description

The bush lily has a fleshy, mostly underground stem (rhizome) to 2 cm (1 in) in diameter, with numerous fleshy roots. The stem produces long, arching, strap-like leaves growing to about 45 cm (18 in) long, arranged in two opposing rows (distichous). The showy, funnel-shaped flowers are produced in an umbel-shaped inflorescence, colored red, orange or yellow, sometimes with a faint, but very sweet perfume. The fruit is a bright-red spherical berry to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter, producing one to a few seeds.[4]

It is sometimes known in cultivation as "Kaffir lily" (a term considered offensive in South Africa).[5] The same derogatory name is also applied to the genus Hesperantha (formerly Schizostylis).

It contains small amounts of lycorine, making it poisonous.

The genus, Clivia, was named after the Duchess of Northumberland, Lady Charlotte Clive who first cultivated the plant in England and provided the flowers for the type specimen. The Latin specific epithet miniata means “cinnabar", the color of red lead, referring to the flowers.[6]
Cultivation

With a minimum temperature of 10 °C (50 °F), in temperate regions C. miniata is normally cultivated as a houseplant. Like its relative C. nobilis it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit,[7] along with the variety C. miniata var. citrina[8] (confirmed 2017).[9] In warmer sites, it can grow outdoors and is used in landscapes for its attractive evergreen foliage and showy flowers. This clump-forming plant spreads via rhizomes and is particularly suited for shady areas.[10]

Cultivars include Clivia miniata 'Kirstenbosch Splendour', bred by Graham Duncan, which illustrates the cover of the Kirstenbosch centenary book (2013).[11]

See also

List of poisonous plants
List of plants known as lily

References

"Clivia miniata". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2016-06-28.
RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
"The Flowering Plants of South Africa; vol. 1/3". Retrieved 2021-03-25.
"Information about Kaffir Lily". Retrieved 2011-10-21.
"Clivia miniata - PlantZAfrica". Retrieved 2021-03-25.
"RHS Plant Selector - Clivia miniata". Retrieved 15 April 2020.
"RHS Plant Selector - Clivia miniata var. 'citrina'". Retrieved 15 April 2020.
"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 22. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
"Clivia miniata - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2018-07-05.

Hartigh 2013.

Bibliography

Hartigh, Wilma den (17 January 2013). "Kirstenbosch celebrated in print". Media Club South Africa. Retrieved 16 November 2016.