Cleome

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Brassicales

Familia: Cleomaceae
Genus: Cleome
Species: C. afrospina – C. albescens – C. amblyocarpa – C. anomala – C. arabica – C. arborea – C. ariana – C. austroarabica – C. bahiensis – C. beckiana – C. boliviensis – C. brachyadenia – C. cardinalis – C. chapalaensis – C. chilensis – C. × chrysogyna – C. circassica – C. coluteoides – C. crenopetala – C. daghestanica – C. dendroidea – C. dolichostyla – C. domingensis – C. ecuadorica – C. eosina – C. foliosa – C. frutescens – C. glandulosa – C. glaucescens – C. gobica – C. gordjaginii – C. guaranitica – C. hadramautica – C. heratensis – C. houstonii – C. iberica – C. karjaginii – C. khorassanica – C. latifolia – C. limoneolens – C. longifolia – C. lupinifolia – C. massae – C. mathewsii – C. microcarpa – C. moricandii – C. moritziana – C. mullendersii – C. noeana – C. omanensis – C. ornithopodioides – C. ovalifolia – C. oxypetala – C. pakistanica – C. potosina – C. pruinosa – C. purpurea – C. raddeana – C. ramosissima – C. regnellii – C. rosea – C. rupicola – C. siliculifera – C. socotrana – C. steveniana – C. stylosa – C. titubans – C. torticarpa – C. trachycarpa – C. turkmena – C. violacea – C. virens – C. werdermannii

Name

Cleome L., Sp. Pl. 2: 671. (1753), nom. cons. des.

Typus: Cleome ornithopodioides L.

Synonyms

Micambe Adans., Fam. 2: 407. (1763)
Sinapistrum Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4. (1754)
Acome Baker, J. Bot. 20: 18. (1882) sphalm. nom. inval.

Note: This is a view of Cleome s.s. Bayat et al., (2018) & Roalson (2021), but also see other references below. A view of Cleome s.l. can be found in Govaerts et al. (2019) with a much larger synonymy, as they do not accept a narrow view of the genus due to taxonomic problems, which may now have been addressed in Roalson (2021).
References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 671.

Additional references

Bayat, S., Schranz, M.E., Roalson, E.H. & Hall, J.C. 2018. Lessons from Cleomaceae, the sister of crucifers. Trends in Plant Science 23(9): 808-821. DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.06.010 PDF Reference page.
Iltis, H.H. & Cochrane, T.S. 2014. Studies in the Cleomaceae VI: a new genus and sixteen new combinations for the Flora Mesoamericana. Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 23(1): 51-59. DOI: 10.3417/2013017 PDF from ResearchGate Reference page.
Inda, L.A., Torrecilla, P., Catalán, P. Ruiz-Zapata, T. 2008. Phylogeny of Cleome L. and its close relatives Podandrogyne Ducke and Polanisia Raf. (Cleomoideae, Cleomaceae) based on analysis of nuclear ITS sequences and morphology. Plant Systematics and Evolution 274(1-2): 111–126. DOI: 10.1007/s00606-008-0026-y Reference page.
Roalson, E.H. & Hall, J.C. 2017. New generic concepts for African Cleomaceae. Systematic Botany 42(4): 925–942. DOI: 10.1600/036364417X696393 BioOne ResearchGate Reference page.
Roalson, E.H. 2021. A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496(1): 54-68. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2 Paywall Reference page.
Rodríguez, R.R. 2003: Cleome sect. Physostemon (Cleomaceae) in Cuba. Willdenowia, 33 (2): 439–444.
Iltis, H.H. 1959: Studies in the Capparidaceae. VI. Cleome sect Physostemon: Taxonomy, geography, and evolution. Brittonia, 11: 123–162. DOI: 10.2307/2805135
Iltis, H.H. 1960: Studies in the Capparidaceae. VII. Old world Cleomes adventive in the New World. Brittonia, 12: 279–294. DOI: 10.2307/2805120
Iltis, H.H. 1967: Studies in the Capparidaceae. XI. Cleome afrospina, a tropical African endemic with Neotropical affinities. Amer. J. Bot., 54: 953–962. DOI: 10.2307/2440718
Woodson, R.E., jr. 1948: Gynandropsis, Cleome, and Podandrogyne. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 35(2): 139-147. BHL Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Cleome in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 June 8. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2019. Cleome. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 June 4. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Cleome. Published online. Accessed: June 6 2019.

Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Rusperbossies
Deutsch: Spinnenpflanzen
suomi: Hämähäkkikukat
русский: Клеоме

Cleome is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cleomaceae, commonly known as spider flowers, spider plants, spider weeds, or bee plants.[2][3] Previously, it had been placed in the family Capparaceae, until DNA studies found the Cleomaceae genera to be more closely related to the Brassicaceae than the Capparaceae. Cleome and clammyweed, (Polanisia dodecandra) can sometimes be confused. The simplest way to differentiate the two is to compare the seedpods which project out or down on cleome and up on clammyweed.

The genus sensu stricto includes about 170 species of herbaceous annual or perennial plants and shrubs.[4] The genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world.[4] However, a recent DNA study failed to separate Cleome, Podandrogyne, and Polanisia from each other, so some taxonomists have abandoned the last two of these genera, treating them as part of Cleome sensu lato; in this case, Cleome contains about 275 species, the vast majority of the Cleomaceae.

The genus contains species which show an evolutionary progression from C3 to C4 photosynthesis. This, combined with it being very close to the Brassicaceae with the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana, makes it an ideal genus in which to study the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. Morphological differences that demonstrate the transition from C3 to C4 include C3 species having leaves with more veins and larger bundle sheath cells. Also, species such as Cleome gynandra produce proteins needed for C4 photosynthesis.[5] Three species independently acquired the C4 pathway, while others are C3–C4 intermediate or C4-like.[6]

Selected species

Sources:[4][7][8][9][10]

Cleome aculeata L., tropical
Cleome angustifolia Forssk.; African – C4
Cleome anomala Kunth; neotropical
Cleome arborea Kunth
Cleome arenitensis Craven, Lepschi & Fryxell
Cleome aspera Koen. ex DC.
Cleome augustinensis (Hochr.) Briq.
cleome ciliata D.Dian
Cleome chilensis DC.
Cleome cleomoides (F.Muell.) Iltis
Cleome cordobensis Eichler ex Griseb.
Cleome diffusa Banks ex DC.
Cleome eosina J.F.Macbr.
Cleome felina L.f.
Cleome flexuosa F.Dietr.
Cleome foliosa Hook.f.
Cleome gigantea L.
Cleome glabra Taub. ex Glaz.
Cleome guianensis Aubl.
Cleome gynandra L. – C4
Cleome hassleriana Chodat
Cleome herrerae J.F.Macbr.
Cleome hirta (Klotzsch) Oliv.
Cleome iberica DC.
Cleome isomeris Greene
Cleome kenneallyi Hewson
Cleome lanceolata (Mart. & Zucc.) H.H.Iltis
Cleome lechleri Eichler
Cleome lutea Hook.
Cleome maculata (Sond.) Szyszył.
Cleome micrantha Desv. ex Ham.
Cleome monophylla L.
Cleome multicaulis DC.
Cleome ornithopodioides L.
Cleome oxalidea F.Muell. – C4
Cleome paludosa Willd. ex Eichler
Cleome parviflora Kunth
Cleome pilosa
Cleome platycarpa Torr.
Cleome psoraleifolia DC.
Cleome rubella Burch.
Cleome rutidosperma DC.
Cleome serrata Jacq.
Cleome serrulata Pursh
Cleome sparsifolia S.Wats.
Cleome speciosa Raf.
Cleome spinosa Jacq.
Cleome stenophylla Klotzsch ex Urban
Cleome stylosa Eichler
Cleome tetrandra DC.
Cleome titubans Speg.
Cleome trachycarpa Klotzsch ex Eichler
Cleome tucumanensis H.H.Iltis
Cleome uncifera Kers
Cleome violacea L.
Cleome viridiflora Schreb.
Cleome viscosa L.
Cleome werdermannii A. Ernst
Cleome monophylla

Cultivation and uses
Cleome chelidonii at Pocharam Lake, Andhra Pradesh, India

Cleome gynandra is used as a vegetable crop. C. hassleriana is a commonly cultivated ornamental plant with purple, pink, or white flowers.
References

"Cleome L." Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
Steve L. O’Kane, Jr. "Cleomaceae: Cleome Family". San Juan College. Archived from the original on October 5, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
G. J. H. Grubben (2004). Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2: Vegetables. PROTA. p. 197–198. ISBN 978-90-5782-147-9.
Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening 1: 652-653. Macmillan. ISBN 1-56159-001-0.
Marshall, D.M.; Muhaidat, R.; Brown, N.J.; Liu, Z.; Stanley, S.; Griffiths, H.; Sage, R.F.; Hibberd, J.M. (2007). "Cleome, a genus closely related to Arabidopsis, contains species spanning a developmental progression from C3 to C4 photosynthesis". The Plant Journal. 51 (5): 886–896. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03188.x. ISSN 0960-7412. PMID 17692080. open access
Feodorova, T.A.; Voznesenskaya, E.V.; Edwards, G.E.; Roalson, E.H. (2010). "Biogeographic patterns of diversification and the origins of C4 in Cleome (Cleomaceae)" (PDF). Systematic Botany. 35 (4): 811–826. doi:10.1600/036364410X539880. ISSN 0363-6445. S2CID 84983697. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
Germplasm Resources Information Network: Cleome list Archived 2009-01-20 at the Wayback Machine
Flora Europaea: Cleome list
USDA Plants Profile: Cleome list
Efloras: Cleome search results
Flora of China 7: 430–431. 2008: Tarenaya Rafinesque