Brasenia

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Classis: Unassigned
Ordo: Nymphaeales

Familia: Cabombaceae
Genus: Brasenia
Species: B. schreberi – †B. ovula – †B. victoria
Name

Brasenia Schreb., Gen. 372. Apr 1789.

Typus: B. schreberi
J.F.Gmel.

Synonyms

Hydropeltis Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 1. 323. t. 29. 1803.
Rondachine Bosc, Encycl. Méth., Agric. (A.H.Tessier et al.) 6: 180. 1816.

References

Schreber, J.C.D.v., 1789. Gen. Pl., ed. 8[a], 1: 372.
Farr, E. R. & Zijlstra, G. eds. (1996-) Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). 2009 Oct 01 [1].

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Brasenia in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Jul. 14. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Brasenia. Published online. Accessed: Jul 14 2019.
The Plant List 2013. Brasenia in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Jul 14.
Tropicos.org 2019. Brasenia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 14 Jul 2019.

Vernacular names

Brasenia is a genus belonging to the family Cabombaceae, consisting of one species, Brasenia schreberi. It is widely distributed in North America, the West Indies, northern South America (Venezuela, Guyana), eastern Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Primorye), Australia, the Indian Subcontinent, and parts of Africa.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
For sale in a Japanese supermarket, 2014

Brasenia is a perennial aquatic plant with floating, peltate leaves and rhizomatous stems. It is identified by its bright green leaves, small purple flowers that bloom from June through September, and a thick mucilage that covers all of the underwater organs, including the underside of the leaves, stems, and developing buds. This mucilage may be an anti-herbivore defence trait,[9] perhaps to deter snail grazing. It grows in shallow water of lakes, rivers and beaver ponds, particularly those with somewhat acidic water.

Characteristics
Ponds along Attikamek Trail at Sault Ste. Marie Canal

Brasenia exhibits wind pollination. The flowers have a two-day blooming period. On the first day, the functionally female, or pistillate flower, extends above the surface of the water and exposes the receptive stigmas. The flower then recedes below the water surface and on the following day emerges as a functionally male, or staminate flower. It is elevated higher than on the previous day and the anther-bearing filaments are extended beyond the female carpels.[10] The anthers dehisce, releasing the pollen, and the flower is then withdrawn below the water where the fruit develops.
Uses

Brasenia is cultivated as a vegetable in China (where it is known as 莼菜, Pinyin: chúncài) and where it is used in Hangzhou in the well-known local speciality "West Lake Water Shield Soup (西湖莼菜汤)[11] and in Japan (where it is known as junsai).

The mucilage it produces has been found to have anti-algal and anti-bacterial properties that may be useful as a natural weed control [12]
History

Species of Brasenia occurred during the interglacial of Europe, but like many other aquatic plant species and genera, it does not occur there now.[13]
Name

Brasenia schreberi (syn. B. nymphoides, B. peltata) has the common name water-shield (also watershield or water shield).

The genus may commemorate the surgeon and Moravian missionary Christoph Brasen (1738-1774), who was the first superintendent of the Moravian mission at Nain in Labrador.[14]
See also

List of vegetables

References

Maiz-Tome, L. (2016). Brasenia schreberi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T185681A78457027. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T185681A78457027.en. Downloaded on 14 July 2018.
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map
Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 119, 莼菜属 chun cai shu, Brasenia Schreber, Gen. Pl. 1: 372. 1789.
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Japan IIa: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Figure 6.9
Taylor,Mackenzie L. and Jeffrey M. Osborn. 2006. Pollen ontogeny in Brasenia (Cabombaceae, Nymphaeales). American Journal of Botany 93: 344-356
"Hangzhou Cuisine". Archived from the original on 2014-08-21. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
Elakovich, Stella D.; Wooten, Jean W. (September 1987). "An examination of the phytotoxicity of the water shield,Brasenia schreberi". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 13 (9): 1935–1940. doi:10.1007/BF01014676. ISSN 0098-0331.
Sculthorpe, C. D. 1967. The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants. Reprinted 1985 Edward Arnold, by London. p. 404.
Pringle, James S. Possible eponymy of the generic name Brasenia Schreb. in Sida. vol. 16. no. 3. pp. 597-600. 1995. [1]