Asclepiadoideae

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Apocynaceae
Subfamilia: Asclepiadoideae
Tribus: Asclepiadeae – Ceropegieae – Eustegieae – Fockeeae – Marsdenieae

Name

Asclepiadoideae R.Br. ex Burnett, Outlines Bot.: 1012, 1095, 1103 (1835)

Typus: Asclepias L.

References

Burnett, G.T. 1835. Outl. Bot.: 1012, 1095, 1103.
Endress, M.E., Liede-Schumann, S. & Meve, U. 2014. An updated classification for Apocynaceae. Phytotaxa 159(3): 175–194. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.159.3.2 ResearchGate Reference page. 
USDA: GRIN Taxonomy for Plants[1] (20 March 2006)

Vernacular names
العربية: صقلاباوات
català: Asclepiadòidia
Deutsch: Seidenpflanzengewächse
فارسی: استبرق
français: Asclepiadoideae
hornjoserbsce: Łastojčnikowe rostliny
հայերեն: Թունաթափազգիներ
한국어: 박주가리아과
kurdî: Famîleya ebreşûmiyan
Nederlands: Zijdeplantachtigen
українська: Ластівневі
Tiếng Việt: Phân họ Bông tai

The Asclepiadoideae are a subfamily of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Formerly, they were treated as a separate family under the name Asclepiadaceae, e.g. by APG II, and known as the milkweed family. [2][3]

They form a group of perennial herbs, twining shrubs, lianas or rarely trees but notably also contain a significant number of leafless stem succulents. The name comes from the type genus Asclepias (milkweeds).

There are 348 genera, with about 2,900 species. They are mainly located in the tropics to subtropics,[4] especially in Africa and South America.

The florally advanced tribe Stapelieae within this family contains the relatively familiar stem succulent genera such as Huernia, Stapelia and Hoodia. They are remarkable for the complex mechanisms they have developed for pollination, which independently parallel the unrelated Orchidaceae, especially in the grouping of their pollen into pollinia. The fragrance from the flowers, often called "carrion", attracts flies. The flies pollinate the flowers.

Many new hybrids have been formed due to the unique fertilization method of the flowers.

Tribes and genera
Asclepias syriaca
Microloma calycinum, Richtersveld, South Africa

The following five tribes are recognised:
Asclepiadeae

Adelostemma
Aidomene
Araujia
Asclepias
Aspidoglossum
Aspidonepsis
Astephanus
Barjonia
Blepharodon
Calciphila
Calotropis
Cordylogyne
Cynanchum
Diplolepis
Ditassa
Fanninia
Fischeria
Funastrum
Glossonema
Glossostelma
Gomphocarpus
Gonolobus
Graphistemma
Gyrostelma
Hemipogon
Holostemma
Hypolobus
Ibatia
Jobinia
Kanahia
Lachnostoma
Macroscepis
Mahawoa
Margaretta
Matelea
Merrillanthus
Metaplexis
Metastelma
Microloma
Minaria
Miraglossum
Monsanima
Morrenia
Nautonia
Nephradenia
Odontanthera
Odontostelma
Oncinema
Orthosia
Oxypetalum
Oxystelma
Pachycarpus
Parapodium
Pentacyphus
Pentarrhinum
Pentastelma
Pentatropis
Peplonia
Pergularia
Petalostelma
Phaeostemma
Pherotrichis
Philibertia
Pseudolachnostoma
Raphistemma
Rhyssostelma
Rhytidostemma
Rojasia
Schizoglossum
Schizostephanus
Schubertia
Scyphostelma
Seshagiria
Sichuania
Solenostemma
Stathmostelma
Stelmagonum
Stenomeria
Stenostelma
Tassadia
Trachycalymma
Tweedia
Tylodontia
Vincetoxicum
Widgrenia
Woodia
Xysmalobium

Ceropegieae
Ceropegia candelabrum
Caralluma acutangula, Burkina Faso
Leptadenia pyrotechnica, Burkina Faso
Stapelia gigantea

Anisotoma
Anomalluma
Apteranthes
Australluma
Baynesia
Boucerosia
Brachystelma
Caralluma
Caudanthera
Ceropegia
Conomitra
Desmidorchis
Duvalia
Duvaliandra
Echidnopsis
Edithcolea
Emplectranthus
Heterostemma
Hoodia
Huernia
Larryleachia
Lavrania
Leptadenia
Monolluma
Neoschumannia
Notechidnopsis
Ophionella
Orbea
Orbeanthus
Orthanthera
Pectinaria
Pentasachme
Piaranthus
Pseudolithos
Quaqua
Rhytidocaulon
Richtersveldia
Riocreuxia
Sisyranthus
Socotrella
Stapelia
Stapelianthus
Stapeliopsis
Tavaresia
Tridentea
Tromotriche
Whitesloanea

Eustegieae

Eustegia
Emicocarpus

Fockeeae

Cibirhiza
Fockea

Marsdenieae
Marsdenia floribunda

Anatropanthus
Anisopus
Asterostemma
Campestigma
Cathetostemma
Cionura
Cosmostigma
Dischidia
Dolichopetalum
Gongronema
Gunnessia
Gymnema
Heynella
Hoya
Jasminanthes
Lygisma
Marsdenia
Oreosparte
Pycnorhachis
Rhyssolobium
Ruehssia
Sarcolobus
Stephanotis
Stigmatorhynchus
Telosma
Treutlera
Wattakaka

Genera now placed elsewhere

These genera are not accepted within Asclepiadoideae by Endress et al.[3]

Absolmsia
Belostemma
Biondia
Blyttia
Clemensiella
Corollonema
Cyathostelma
Dactylostelma
Dalzielia
Decanema
Diplostigma (syn. of Vincetoxicum)[5]
Dischidanthus
Dittoceras
Dregea
Frerea
Gymnanthera
Gymnemopsis
Hemidesmus
Huerniopsis
Ischnostemma
Kerbera
Leichardtia
Lhotzkyella
Macroditassa
Manothrix
Melinia
Microdactylon
Microstelma
Mitostigma
Oncostemma
Orbeopsis
Pachycymbium
Papuastelma
Periglossum
Petopentia
Pleurostelma
Podostelma
Polystemma
Ptycanthera
Quisumbingia
Raphionacme
Rhyncharrhena
Sarcostemma
Schistogyne
Schistonema
Seutera
Sphaerocodon
Telminostelma
Tenaris
Tetraphysa
Trichosacme
Tylophora
Tylophoropsis
Vailia

References

1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 363. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017 – via Korea Forest Service.
Endress, M. E. and P. V. Bruyns (2000), "A revised classification of the Apocynaceae s.l." (PDF), Botanical Review, 66 (1): 1–56, doi:10.1007/BF02857781
Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. p. 347. ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3.
"Diplostigma K.Schum". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2020-07-01.