Aesculus flava

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Sapindales

Familia: Sapindaceae
Subfamilia: Hippocastanoideae
Tribus: Hippocastaneae
Genus: Aesculus
Sectio: A. sect. Pavia
Species: Aesculus flava
Name

Aesculus flava Sol., Cat. Arb. & Frut. Hort. Edinb. Cres. (Hope) 1778 3. (1778).
Synonyms

Homotypic
Aesculus flava Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 494 (1789).
Pavia flava (Sol.) Moench, Methodus (Moench) 66; DC. Prod. i. 598 (1794).
Paviana flava (Sol.) Raf., Fl. Ludov. 87 (1817).

Aesculus flava, the yellow buckeye, common buckeye, or sweet buckeye, is a species of deciduous tree. It is native to the Ohio Valley and Appalachian Mountains of the Eastern United States.[2] It grows in mesophytic forest or floodplains, generally in acid to circumneutral soil, reaching a height of 20m to 48m (65 ft to 154 ft).

Description

The leaves are palmately compound with five (rarely seven) leaflets, 10–25 cm long and broad. The flowers are produced in panicles in spring, yellow to yellow-green, each flower 2–3 cm long with the stamens shorter than the petals (unlike the related A. glabra (Ohio buckeye), where the stamens are longer than the petals). The twigs have a faintly rank odor, but much less so than the Ohio buckeye, A. glabra. The fruit is a smooth (spineless), round or oblong capsule 5–7 cm diameter, containing 1-3 nut-like seeds, 2.5-3.5 cm diameter, brown with a whitish basal scar. The fruit is poisonous to humans but can be made edible through a leaching process.
Cultivation

Aesculus flava is cultivated as an ornamental tree. The tree's showy yellow flowers and good autumn color are attractive in larger gardens and in parks.[3]

This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[4]

It has been marked as a pollinator plant that attracts hummingbirds and bees.[5]
Uses

Native Americans roasted and soaked the poisonous seeds to remove the toxic element and consume them as food.[6]

References

Stritch, L. (2018). "Aesculus flava". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T60757580A60757583. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T60757580A60757583.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
"Aesculus Octandra Range Map" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
Missouri Botanical Garden horticultural treatment: Aesculus flava . accessed 1.31.2013
"RHS Plant Selector - Aesculus flava". Retrieved 23 February 2020.
"Planting Guides" (PDF). Pollinator.org. Retrieved 2022-01-29.
Little, Elbert L. (1980). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region. New York: Knopf. p. 586. ISBN 0-394-50760-6.
Pawia octandra var. flava (Sol.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 146 (1891).
Heterotypic
Aesculus flava f. vestita (Sarg.) Fernald
Aesculus flava f. virginica (Sarg.) Fernald
Aesculus flava var. purpurascens A.Gray, Manual (Gray), ed. 2. 83 (1856).
Aesculus lucida hort. ex Handl. Trees Kew Pt. 1. (Polypet.) 83 (1894).
Aesculus lutea Wangh., Schr. Berl. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 8. 133. t. 6 (1788).
Aesculus maxima D.Drake, Picture of Cincinnati, 78 (1816); cf. Stuckey in Castanea, 34. 185 (1969).
Aesculus octandra Marshall, Arbust. Amer. 4 (1785).
Aesculus octandra f. vestita (Sarg.) Fernald, Rhodora 39: 318 (1937).
Aesculus octandra f. virginica (Sarg.) Fernald, Rhodora 39: 318 (1937).
Aesculus octandra var. purpurascens (A.Gray) C.K.Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 252 (1909).
Aesculus octandra var. vestita Sarg., J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 42 (1924).
Aesculus octandra var. virginica Sarg., J. Arnold Arbor. 2: 119 (1920).
Pavia bicolor Raf., Alsogr. Amer. 74 (1838).
Pavia fulva Raf., Alsogr. Amer. 74 (1838).
Pavia lutea Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 5: 95 (1804).
Pawia octandra (Marshall) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 146 (1891).
Pavia reticulata Raf., Alsogr. Amer. 73 (1838).

References

Meyer, F.G. & Hardin, J.H. 1987. Status of the name Aesculus flava Solander (Hippocastanaceae). Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 68(3): 335–341. BHL Reference page.
Forest, F., Drouin, J.N., Charest, R., Brouillet, L. & Bruneau, A. 2001. A morphological phylogenetic analysis of Aesculus L. and Billia Peyr. (Sapindaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany 79(2): 154-169. DOI: 10.1139/b00-146Reference page.
Harris, A.J., Xiang, Q.-Y. & Thomas, D.T. 2009. Phylogeny, origin, and biogeographic history of Aesculus L. (Sapindales) – an update from combined analysis of DNA sequences, morphology, and fossils. Taxon 58(1): 108–126. DOI: 10.1002/tax.581012 JSTOR Reference page.
Stritch, L., 2018. Aesculus flava. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. IUCN Red List Category: Least Concern. DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T60757580A60757583.en. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Aesculus flava. Published online. Accessed: 26 February 2019.

Vernacular names
čeština: jírovec žlutý
Deutsch: Gelbe Rosskastanie
English: Yellow Buckeye
فارسی: چشم‌گوزنی زرد
français: Pavier jaune
hornjoserbsce: Žołty jěrowc
magyar: Sárga vadgesztenye
polski: kasztanowiec żółty
русский: Конский каштан жёлтый
slovenčina: pagaštan osemtyčinkový
svenska: Gulblommig hästkastanj
Türkçe: Sarı at kestanesi
українська: Гіркокаштан жовтий