Isachne

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Malvales

Familia: Malvaceae
Subfamilia: Bombacoideae
Tribus: Adansonieae
Genus: Adansonia
Sectio: A. sect. Longitubae
Species: Adansonia rubrostipa
Name

Adansonia rubrostipa Jum. & H.Perrier, 1909.

Lectotypus: Madagascar. Tsingy de Namoroka (Ambongo), May 1904, Perrier de la Bâthie 1447 (P), vide Baum, 1995.

Synonyms

Homotypic
Adansonia fony Baill. ex H.Perrier, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 304. 1952, nom. superfl.
Adansonia fony var. rubrostipa (Jum. & H.Perrier) H.Perrier, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 304. 1952.

References

Baum, D.A. 1995. A systematic revision of Adansonia (Bombacaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 82(3): 440–471.
Jumelle, H.L. & Perrier de la Bâthie, H. 1909. Matieres Grasses Jan. 1909: 1308.

Adansonia rubrostipa, commonly known as fony baobab, is a deciduous tree in the Malvaceae family. Of eight species of baobab currently recognized, six are indigenous to Madagascar, including fony baobab. It is endemic to western Madagascar, found from Parc Nationale Baie de Baly, south.[1] It is associated with well-drained soils and is found in dry and spiny forests.[1] It occurs in the following protected areas: Amoron'i Onilahy, Baie de Baly, Menabe Antimena, Mikea, Namoroka, Ranobe PK 32, Tsimanampesotse, Tsimembo Manambolomaty, Tsinjoriake (La Table/St Augustin).[1]

Fony baobab is the smallest of the baobabs, easily identified by its distinctive reddish bark. It is usually bottle-shaped and has toothed leaves and round fruit.[2] It was first described by H.Perrier de la Bathie in 1909.[3]

Description
General

This is a small to large deciduous tree 5–20 metres (16–66 ft) tall with reddish brown, peeling bark. The trunk is usually a distinctive bottle shape. Main branches are often horizontal, then curving upward toward the tips. Branches sometimes have spines on the upper surface.

Leaves

Leaves are present from November to April and are made up of 3-5 stalkless (sessile) leaflets with finely toothed edges (teeth about 1 millimetre (0.039 in) long). Most baobab species have untoothed leaves.
Flowers

Flowers are large, showy and highly scented. They emerge when in the trees are in leaf, usually from February to April. Flower buds are 16–28 centimetres (6.3–11.0 in) long and cylindrical, set on a green, 1–2.5 centimetres (0.39–0.98 in) long stalk. The outer part of the perianth, the calyx, is made up of yellowish green lobes with faint reddish stripes. As the flower opens, the calyx lobes fold back and become twisted tightly at the base of the flower. The petals are bright yellow to orange-yellow, spreading, long and narrow but with expanded overlapping bases. Inside the petals is a pale yellow staminal tube (a tube made up of fused stamens) up to 10 centimetres (3.9 in) long and 1–1.2 centimetres (0.39–0.47 in) in diameter. Set at the top of the staminal tube are 100-150 filaments 10–12 centimetres (3.9–4.7 in) long, the outer unfused. The inner 10-20 filaments are erect and united into a central bundle that extends for about 6 centimetres (2.4 in) beyond the top of the tube. This central bundle of fused filaments set above the staminal tube is an identifying feature of fony baobab. In the very centre of the flower is an ovary, covered with dense golden hairs, with a pink 20–25 centimetres (7.9–9.8 in) long style topped by a red stigma that blackens with age. Flowers open around dusk. They take less than 30 minutes to open and have a very short reproductive phase. Pollen is released the first night and the stigmas shrivel by morning. Pollinators include the long-tongued hawkmoth Coelonia solani.[3]
Fruit

Ripe fruit of fony baobab can be found October to November. Fruits are rounded with a 4–5 millimetres (0.16–0.20 in) thick shell (pericarp) with dense reddish-brown hairs. Seeds are kidney-shaped (reniform).
Habitat

Fony baobab is associated with well drained, dry habitats on calcareous soils.[1] It is found in dry forests and it is an important component of the spiny thicket or "spiny desert" of southern Madagascar, a globally distinctive ecoregion.[4]
Threats

Habitat loss and forest destruction are the chief threats, but population trends are unknown.[1] Forests are logged for timber and charcoal production, or cleared for mining or urbanization. Grazing may disturb baobab seedlings.
Notable Trees
"Grandmother" Fony baobab
"Polygamous" Fony baobab

Two large fony baobabs growing in Tsimanampetsotse National Park were studied using radiocarbon dating.[5] One called "Grandmother" is made up of 3 fused trunks of different ages, with the oldest part of the tree an estimated 1,600 years old. The second, "polygamous baobab", has six fused stems, and is an estimated 1,000 years old.
Uses

Roots, seeds and fruits are reportedly edible. Wood of fire-killed trees may be used as thatching material and in some areas trees are cut and used for charcoal production.[3]
See also

Anjajavy Forest
Adansonia madagascariensis
Tsingy

References

Letsara, R., Faranirina, L., Razafindrahaja, V. & Faramalala, M. 2019. Adansonia rubrostipa. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T37679A64366919. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T37679A64366919.en. Downloaded on 08 July 2020
Behrens, K. and K. Barnes. 2016. Wildlife of Madagascar. Wild guides, Princeton University Press.
Baum, D.A., 1995, A Systematic Revision of Adansonia (Bombacaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , 1995, Vol. 82, No. 3 (1995), pp. 440-471
"Madagascar spiny thickets | Ecoregions | WWF".

Patrut, Adrian; von Reden, Karl F.; Danthu, Pascal; Leong Pock-Tsy, Jean-Michel; Patrut, Roxana T.; Lowy, Daniel A. (2015). "Searching for the Oldest Baobab of Madagascar: Radiocarbon Investigation of Large Adansonia rubrostipa Trees". PLOS ONE. 10 (3): e0121170. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1021170P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121170. PMC 4373780. PMID 25806967.

Sources
Baum, David A. (1995). "The Comparative Pollination and Floral Biology of Baobabs (Adansonia- Bombacaceae)". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 82 (2): 322–348. doi:10.2307/2399883. JSTOR 2399883.
Baum, David A. (1995). "A Systematic Revision of Adansonia (Bombacaceae)". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 82 (3): 440–471. doi:10.2307/2399893. JSTOR 2399893.