Classification System: APG IV
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales
Familia: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamilia: Amaryllidoideae
Tribus: Galantheae
Genus: Acis
Species: A. autumnalis – A. fabrei – A. ionica – A. longifolia – A. nicaeensis – A. rosea – A. tingitana – A. trichophylla – A. valentina
Name
Acis Salisb., Parad. Lond. 2: t. 74. (1807)
Type species: Non designatus
Synonyms
Heterotypic
Ruminia Parl., Due Nuov. Gen. Monocot.: 4. (1858)
Distribution
Native distribution areas:
Europe
Southwestern Europe
Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
Southeastern Europe
Albania, Greece, Sicilia.
Africa
Northern Africa
Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia.
References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references
Salisbury, R.A. 1805(–1808). The Paradisus Londinensis: or coloured figures of plants cultivated in the vicinity of the metropolis. Vol. 1–2. BHL Reference page. 2: t. 74. Illustration as synonym Leucojum pulchellum Salisb., Parad. Lond. t. 74. (1807).
Additional references
Lledó, M.D., Davis, A.P., Crespo, M.B., Chase, M.W. & Fay, M.F. 2004. Phylogenetic analysis of Leucojum and Galanthus (Amaryllidaceae) based on plastid mat K and nuclear ribosomal spacer (ITS) DNA sequences and morphology. Plant Systematics and Evolution 246(3–4): 223–243. DOI: 10.1007/s00606-004-0152-0 ResearchGate Reference page.
Links
Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Acis in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Jul. 29. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Acis. Published online. Accessed: Jul. 29 2018.
Acis is a genus of perennial, herbaceous and bulbous plants in the amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae[1]). The genus consists of nine species distributed in Europe and Northern Africa. Acis was previously included in Leucojum; both genera are known as snowflakes.
Contents
1 Description
2 Taxonomy
2.1 Species
3 Cultivation
4 References
5 External links
Description
Acis species are perennial bulbous plants. The flowers have six equally sized tepals, unlike the related genus Galanthus (snowdrops) in which the inner three tepals are shorter than the outer three. The tepals are unmarked, differing in this respect from Leucojum. Most species have white tepals, although those of Acis rosea are pale pink. Acis species are relatively short, up to 15 cm (6 in) in Acis autumnalis and 45 cm (18 in) in Acis tingitana. The leaves are narrow; very narrow (filiform) in Acis trichophylla. The flower stalks (scapes) are solid.[2][3]
Taxonomy
Acis was first differentiated from the genus Leucojum by Richard Anthony Salisbury in The Paradisus Londinensis in 1807.[4] In an earlier part of this work, he had used the name Leucojum autumnale for the plant illustrated in plate 21, but when discussing Leucojum pulchellum, illustrated in plate 74, Salisbury noted the differences between the two species and considered them sufficient to put Leucojum autumnale into a new genus, Acis.[5] (However, he did not actually use the name Acis autumnalis, which was published in 1829 by Robert Sweet.[6]) Salisbury did not explain the origin of the name Acis beyond describing it as a "poetic title".[5] It may refer to the myth of Acis and Galatea.
Most later botanists did not accept the distinction between Leucojum and Acis.[2][3] Acis was reinstated in 2004, after it was determined on morphological and molecular grounds that the broadly defined genus Leucojum was paraphyletic, with Acis and a more narrowly defined Leucojum being related as shown the following cladogram.[3]
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traditional Leucojum
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A possible relationship among the species of the genus Acis is shown in the following cladogram. (In the study, Acis ionica was treated as "Acis valentina from Greece").[3]
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Species
As of 25 February 2020, the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepted nine species, most formerly placed in Leucojum.[7]
Acis autumnalis (L.) Sweet – W. & W. Central Mediterranean
Acis fabrei (Quézel & Girerd) Lledó – S.E. France (around Mont Ventoux and River Nesque)
Acis longifolia J.Gay ex M.Roem. – Corsica
Acis nicaeensis (Ardoino) Lledó, A.P.Davis & M.B.Crespo – S.E. France (from Nice eastwards)
Acis ionica Bareka, Kamari & Phitos, syns. Leucojum ionicum Kit Tan, Mullaj, Sfikas & Strid, Acis orientalis Strid – SW. Albania to W. Greece
Acis rosea (F.Martin bis) Sweet – Corsica, Sardinia
Acis tingitana (Baker) Lledó, A.P.Davis & M.B.Crespo – Morocco
Acis trichophylla G.Don – Central & S. Portugal, S. Central & S.W. Spain, Morocco
Acis valentina (Pau) Lledó, A.P.Davis & M.B.Crespo – E. Spain (N. of Valencia)
Cultivation
The species Acis autumnalis has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[8]
References
Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards), "Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae", Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, retrieved 2014-02-25
Mathew, Brian (1987), The Smaller Bulbs, London: B.T. Batsford, ISBN 978-0-7134-4922-8, pp. 119–121
Lledó, Ma D.; Davis, A.P.; Crespo, M.B.; Chase, M.W.; Fay, M.F. (2004), "Phylogenetic analysis of Leucojum and Galanthus (Amaryllidaceae) based on plastid matK and nuclear ribosomal spacer (ITS) DNA sequences and morphology", Plant Systematics and Evolution, 246 (3–4): 223–243, doi:10.1007/s00606-004-0152-0, S2CID 43826738, retrieved 2017-12-04
"IPNI Plant Name Query Results for Acis", The International Plant Names Index, retrieved 2014-11-12
Salisbury, R.A. & Hooker, W. (1805–1808), The Paradisus Londonensis : or Coloured Figures of Plants Cultivated in the Vicinity of the Metropolis, London: W. Hooker (printer D.N. Shury), t. 74, doi:10.5962/bhl.title.53520, OCLC 1864969
"IPNI Plant Name Query Results for Acis autumnalis", The International Plant Names Index, retrieved 2014-11-12
"Search for Acis", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2020-02-25
"Acis autumnalis", RHS Plant Selector, retrieved 2014-11-12
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