Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Fungi
Subregnum: Dikarya
Divisio: Ascomycota
Subdivisio: Pezizomycotina
Classis: Eurotiomycetes
Subclassis: Chaetothyriomycetidae
Ordo: Verrucariales
Familia: Verrucariaceae
Genus: Verrucaria
Species: V. acrotella – V. adelminienii – V. aemula – V. aethiobola – V. aethioboliza – V. albofusca – V. alborimosa – V. alutacea – V. americana – V. amphibia – V. amylacea – V. anceps – V. andesiatica – V. anemoides – V. anziana – V. apomelaena – V. applanata – V. aquatilis – V. aquilella – V. aranensis – V. arctica – V. aspecta – V. asperula – V. aspiciliicola – V. atroviridis – V. aucklandica – V. australiensis – V. austroalpina – V. bakonyensis – V. baltica – V. banatica – V. barrandei – V. basaltica – V. beltraminiana – V. bernaicensis – V. bernardinensis – V. botellispora – V. breussii – V. bryoctona – V. bubalina – V. buelliicola – V. buellioides – V. bulgarica – V. caerulea – V. caesiopsila – V. calciseda – V. calkinsiana – V. cambrini – V. canella – V. cataleptoides – V. cavificans – V. cetera – V. ceuthocarpa – V. christiansenii – V. collematodes – V. compacta – V. conchea – V. confluens – V. consociata – V. cootapatambensis – V. corallensis – V. corcontica – V. corticola – V. crustulosa – V. dacryodes – V. dalejensis – V. danica – V. degelii – V. deminuta – V. denudata – V. detersa – V. devergens – V. devergescens – V. deversa – V. diabasica – V. ditmarsica – V. dolomitica – V. dolosa – V. durietzii – V. elaeina – V. elaeomelaena – V. endocarpoides – V. epimaura – V. erichsenii – V. falcata – V. fayettensis – V. ferratensis – V. finkiana – V. fischeri – V. flensburgensis – V. floerkeana – V. foveolata – V. fragicola – V. fraudulosa – V. funckii – V. furfuracea – V. fusca – V. fuscatula – V. fuscella – V. fuscoatroides – V. fusconigrescens – V. glaucina – V. glauconephela – V. glaucovirens – V. granulosaria – V. griseoatra – V. guestphalica – V. halizoa – V. halophila – V. halophiloides – V. hegetschweileri – V. hemisphaerica – V. hiascens – V. hochstetteri – V. howensis – V. hunsrueckensis – V. hydrela – V. hydrophila – V. hypophaea – V. illinoisensis – V. inconstans – V. incrassata – V. inficiens – V. inornata – V. inquilina – V. integra – V. internigrescens – V. iovensis – V. jizerae – V. jodophila – V. juglandis – V. kalenskyi – V. knowlesiae – V. kondaensis – V. kootenaica – V. kutakii – V. laevata – V. lamyana – V. latebrosa – V. latebrosoides – V. latericola – V. lecideoides – V. lobata – V. lojkae – V. lojkana – V. luctuosa – V. macochae – V. macrostoma – V. macrostomoides – V. maculicarpa – V. maculiformis – V. margacea – V. marmorea – V. mawsonii – V. melas – V. memnonia – V. meridionalis – V. microsporoides – V. mimicrans – V. minor – V. minuta – V. molaris – V. monguilloni – V. moravica – V. mortarii – V. mougeotii – V. mundula – V. muralis – V. muricola – V. murina – V. murorum – V. nidulans – V. nigrescens – V. nigrescentoidea – V. nigrofusca – V. nigroumbrina – V. nodosa – V. novomexicana – V. nuda – V. obductilis – V. obfuscans – V. obfuscata – V. obnigrescens – V. obscura – V. obsoleta – V. ochrostoma – V. olivacella – V. olivascens – V. onegensis – V. opiziana – V. ossiseda – V. pachyderma – V. pachyspora – V. pallidocarpa – V. papillosa – V. paramauroides – V. parmigerella – V. phaeoderma – V. phaeothelena – V. phloeophila – V. piliscanbensis – V. pinguicula – V. placida – V. platycarpa – V. pluviosilvestris – V. poeltii – V. polita – V. polysticta – V. praetermissa – V. procopii – V. prominula – V. prosoplectenchymatica – V. pseudoacrotella – V. pseudominuta – V. pseudomyriocarpa – V. pseudonigrescens – V. pseudoschistosa – V. puncticulata – V. putnae – V. quercina – V. refugii – V. rheitrophila – V. rhizicola – V. riddleana – V. rimulosa – V. rivalis – V. rosula – V. ruderella – V. ruderum – V. rufofuscella – V. ruinicola – V. rupestris – V. rupicola – V. sagedioides – V. sandstedei – V. saprophila – V. saxivora – V. schindleri – V. schistosa – V. serpentini – V. silicicola – V. simplex – V. solicola – V. sorbicola – V. sordida – V. sparsula – V. sphaerospora – V. sphinctrina – V. stanfordii – V. subcontinua – V. subdecussata – V. subdiscreta – V. subdivisa – V. subdolosa – V. subfuscella – V. subglaucina – V. subhydrela – V. sublobulata – V. submersella – V. submuralis – V. subpruinosa – V. subtholocarpa – V. subvirens – V. suzae – V. sylvatica – V. tapetica – V. tasmanica – V. tavaresiae – V. tenebrosa – V. tessellata – V. tessellatula – V. thalassina – V. tholocarpa – V. thujae – V. timkoi – V. trabicola – V. trachyticola – V. tuberculiformis – V. turgida – V. umbilicata – V. umbrinula – V. vaenerensis – V. verruculifera – V. vindobonensis – V. viridicans – V. viridigrana – V. viridula – V. weddellii – V. xyloxena – V. zamenhofiana – V. zlichovensis
Name
Verrucaria Schrader, 1794
Family: Verrucariaceae
Type: Verrucaria rupestris Schrader
References
Schrader, H.A. (1794) Spicilegium Florae Germaniae. Hannoverae. 1-194 pp. (Verrucaria: p. 108.) **[Mattick Rec.# 33121 ] - (Recent Literature on Lichens - Mattick No.)**
Secondary
Breuss, O. (1998a) Eine neue Verrucaria-Art mit Goniocystenthallus. Linzer Biol. Beitr. 30(1): 277–279. **[RLL List # 172 / Rec.# 2338] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Breuss, O. (1998b) Drei neue holz- und borkenbewohnende Verrucaria-Arten mit einem Schüssel der bisher bekannten Taxa. Linzer Biol. Beitr. 30(2): 831–836. **[RLL List # 174 / Rec.# 2337] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Breuss, O. (2000) [2001] New taxa of pyrenocarpous lichens from the Sonoran region. The Bryologist 103(4): 705–709. **[RLL List # 182 / Rec.# 21530] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (JSTOR)
Breuss, O. (2002) Four Verrucaria species new to America. Evansia 19: 26–28. **[RLL List # 187 / Rec.# 23177] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Breuss, O. (2007) Verrucaria (pp. 335-377). In: Nash III, T.H., Gries, C., and Bungartz, F. (eds.), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 3. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 567 pages. **[RLL List # 210 / Rec.# 29882] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Dobson, F.S. (2000) (Fourth edition) Verrucaria (pp. 399-408) In, Lichens: An illustrated guide to the British and Irish species. The Richmond Publishing Co., Ltd., Slough, England, 431 pp. **[RLL List # 184 / Rec.# 22402] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Fröberg, L. (1989) The calcicolous lichens on the Great Alvar of Öland, Sweden, Lunds Universitet. 110 pp. **[RLL List # / Rec.# 5979] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
McCarthy, P.M. (1988a) New and interesting species of Verrucaria I. Lichenologist 20: 1-10. **[RLL List # 133 / Rec.# 12583] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (doi:10.1017/S0024282988000039)
McCarthy, P.M. (1988b) New and interesting species of Verrucaria II. Lichenologist 20: 245-251. **[RLL List # 135 / Rec.# 12582] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (doi:10.1017/S0024282988000283)
McCarthy, P.M. (1994) Notes on Australian Verrucariaceae (lichenised Ascomycotina) 3. Muelleria 8(2): 99–105. **[RLL List # 157 / Rec.# 12608] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
McCarthy, P.M. (2001) Verrucaria. Flora of Australia 58 A: 176-196. **[RLL List # 187 / Rec.# 23247] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Orange, A. (1991) Notes on some terricolous species of Verrucaria. Lichenologist 23(1): 3–10. **[RLL List # 143 / Rec.# 13874] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Purvis, O.W.; Coppins, B.J.; Hawksworth, D.L.; James, P.W. and Moore, D.M. (eds.) (1992) Verrucaria (pp. 630-642) In, The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. London: Natural History Museum Publication, 710 pp. **[RLL List # 151 / Rec.# 15105] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Servit, M. (1937) Seltenere und neue Flechten. Vestnik Kralovske Ceske Spolecnosti Nauk [Praha] 1936: 1-16. **[Mattick Rec.# 16993] - (Recent Literature on Lichens - Mattick No.)**
Servit, M. (1946) The new lichens of the Pyrenocarpae-Group. I. Studia Botanica Cechoslovaca\Studia Bot. Cechoslov. 7: 49-111. **[Mattick Rec.# 17447] - (Recent Literature on Lichens - Mattick No.)**
Servít, M. (1949) Species Verrucariacearum (Lichenes) novae vel minus cognitae. Sbor. Národ. Mus. Praze 5B 9, bot. 3: 3-56.
Servit, M. (1950) The new lichens of the Pyrenocarpae-group IV. Studia Bot. Cechoslovaka 11(3): 101–144. **[RLL List # 2 / Rec.# 17104] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Servít, M. (1950) Species novae Americanae familiae Verrucariaceae. The Bryologist 53(2): 159–162. **[RLL List # 1 / Rec.# 17102] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (JSTOR)
Servit, M. 1952: Nove a malo zname druhy z celedi Verrucariaceae a Dermatocarpaceae. [Neue und weniger bekannte Arten der Familien Verrucariaceae und Dermatocarpaceae.]. - Preslia 24: 345–390. **[RLL List # 9 / Rec.# 17107] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Servit, M. (1953) Novae lichenum Pyrenocarporum species in Italia inventae (III). Ann. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Genova 66: 236–249. **[RLL List # 11 / Rec.# 17108] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Servít, M. (1954) Československé Lisejniky Celedi Verrucariaceae. Lichenes Familiae Verrucariacearum. Nakladatelstvi Československé Akademie Vĕd. Praha., 249 pp. **[RLL List # 15 / Rec.# 17110] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Thomson, J.W. (1997) Verrucaria (pp. 629-645). In, American Arctic Lichens: 2. The Microlichens. The University of Wisconsin Press, 675 pages. **[RLL List # 170 / Rec.# 18517] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Thüs, H. (2002) Taxonomie, Verbreitung und Ökologie silicoler Süβwasserflechten im auβeralpinen Mitteleuropa. Bibl. Lichenol. 83: 1–214. **[RLL List # 189 / Rec.# 23691] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
van Herk, K. and Aptroot, A. (2004) Verrucaria (pp. 374-389) In, Veldgids Korstmossen. Koninkliijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, 423 pages. **[RLL List # 196 / Rec.# 26085] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Wirth, V. (1995) Verrucaria (pp. 953-969 - Teil 2) In, Die Flechten Baden-Württembergs, Teil 1 & 2. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co., Stuttgart. 1006 pp. **[RLL List # 159 / Rec.# 20405] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Zschacke, H. (1934) Epigloeaceae, Verrucariaceae und Dermatocarpaceae. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 9, 1, 1: 46-695. **[Mattick Rec.# 30933] - (Recent Literature on Lichens - Mattick No.)**
Links
USDA Plants database
Index Fungorum
MycoBank
Vernacular names
English: Speck lichens; Wart lichens
Verrucaria is a genus of lichenized (lichen-forming) fungi in the family Verrucariaceae.[1]
Species
Species include:[2]
Verrucaria aethiobola
Verrucaria amphibia
Verrucaria aquatilis
Verrucaria aspiciliicola
Verrucaria baldensis Massal
Verrucaria bryoctona
Verrucaria ditmarsica
Verrucaria dolosa
Verrucaria dufourii
Verrucaria elaeomelaena
Verrucaria funckii
Verrucaria fusconigrescens
Verrucaria glaucina
Verrucaria halizoa Leighton – forms small patches on exposed shores.[3]
Verrucaria hochstetteri
Verrucaria hydrela
Verrucaria margacea
Verrucaria marmorea
Verrucaria maura Wahl – forms a black layer encrusting as patches on the rocks of the upper littoral and splash zone.[4][5]
Verrucaria mucosa Wahl – appears as a smooth thallus.[6] Closely encrusting on rock in irregular patches in the middle littoral.[7]
Verrucaria muralis
Verrucaria murina
Verrucaria nigrescens
Verrucaria pachyderma
Verrucaria pinguicula
Verrucaria praetermissa
Verrucaria prominula
Verrucaria rupestris Shrad (1794)
Verrucaria serpuloides I.M.Lamb – the only known permanently submerged marine lichen[8]
Verrucaria simplex
Verrucaria striatula Wahl
Verrucaria virdula
Candelariella aurella was formerly placed here as Verrucaria aurella
Distribution
Verrucaria ditmarsica Erichsen and V. Maura Wahlenb. have been recorded in 1984 from the Lighthouse Island, Copeland Island, County Down, Northern Ireland.[9]
References
Gueidan C, Roux C, Lutzoni F (2007). "Using a multigene phylogenetic analysis to assess generic delineation and character evolution in Verrucariaceae (Verrucariales, Ascomycota)". Mycological Research. 111 (Pt 10): 1145–68. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.08.010. PMID 17981450.
Gilbert, Oliver (2000). Lichens. Hammersmith: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-220082-1.
Dobson, Frank S (2010). A Field Key to Coastal and Seashore Lichens. New Malden: Frank S Dobson. ISBN 978-0-9542324-5-0.
Lewis, J.R. 1964. The Ecology of Rocky Shores. The English Universities Press Ltd
Young, CM. 1961. The New Naturalist The Sea Shore. Collins, London
Campbell, A.C. 1984. The Country Life Guide to the Shallow Seas of Britain and Europe. Country Life Books. ISBN 0-600-34396 0
Barrett, J.H, and Young, C.M. 1960. Collins Pocket Guide to the Sea Shore. Collins, London
Ahmadjian, V. (1 March 1995). "Lichens are more important than you think". BioScience. 45 (3): 1. doi:10.1093/bioscience/45.3.124. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
Morton, O. 1988. Lichens on Lighthouse Island. Copeland Bird Observatory Annual Report for 1986 p.44
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