Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Fungi
Subregnum: Dikarya
Divisio: Ascomycota
Subdivisio: Pezizomycotina
Classis: Eurotiomycetes
Subclassis: Chaetothyriomycetidae
Ordo: Verrucariales
Familia: Verrucariaceae
Genus: Staurothele
Species: S. ambrosiana – S. arctica – S. areolata – S. bacilligera – S. caesia – S. clopima – S. clopimoides – S. discedens – S. drummondii – S. effigurata – S. elenkinii – S. fissa – S. frustulenta – S. fuliginea – S. fuscocuprea – S. guestphalica – S. hymenogonia – S. lecideoides – S. monicae – S. moreliiensis – S. orispruinosa – S. polygonia – S. rufa – S. rugosa – S. rugulosa – S. rupifraga – S. succedens – S. tenuissima – S. verruculosa
Name
Staurothele Norman, 1852
Family: Verrucariaceae
Life habit: Lichenized
Type Species: Staurothele fuscocuprea
Synonyms
Goidanichia Tomas. & Cif., Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 28: 9 (1952)
Goidanichiomyces Cif. & Tomas., Atti Ist. bot. Univ. Lab. crittog. Pavia, Ser. 5 10(1): 28, 56 (1953)
Paraphysorma A. Massal., Ric. auton. lich. crost. (Verona): 116 (1852)
Phalostauris Clem., Gen. fung. (Minneapolis): 39, 173 (1909)
Polyblastiomyces E.A.Thomas, 1939
Sphaeromphale A. Massal., 1854
Stigmatomma Körb., Syst. lich. germ. (Breslau): 337 (1855)
Willeya Müll. Arg., Flora, Jena 66: 345 (1883)
References
Primary references
Norman, Nytt. Mag. Naturvid.. 7: 240 (1853)
Additional references
Purvis, O.W and James, P.W. (1992) Staurothele Norman, 1853 (pp. 572-575) In: Purvis, O.W., Coppins, B.J., Hawksworth, D.L., James, P.W. and Moore, D.M. (eds.) The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. London: Natural History Museum Publication, 710 pp. **[RLL List # 151 / Rec.# 15105] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Thomson, J.W. (1991) The lichen genus Staurothele in North America. - The Bryologist 94(4): 351–367. **[RLL List # / Rec.# 18504] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (JSTOR)
Thomson, J.W. (1997) Staurothele Norman (pp. 590-597) In, American Arctic Lichens: 2. The Microlichens. The University of Wisconsin Press, 675 pages. **[RLL List # 170/ Rec.# 18517] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (Books.Google)
Thomson, J.W. (2002) Staurothele (pp. 468-472) In: Nash III, T.H.; Ryan, B.D.; Gries, C. and Bungartz, F. (eds.), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 1. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 532 pages. **[RLL List # 187 / Rec.# 23134] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Thomson, J.W. (2003) Staurothele Norman (pp. 219-221) In, Lichens of Wisconsin. Wisconsin State Herbarium, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 386 pages. **[RLL List # 190 / Rec.# 24161] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Links
USDA Plants Database
Index Fungorum
MycoBank
Vernacular names
English: Rock pimples, Wart lichens
Staurothele is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. It has about 40 species.[1] When the fungus is part of a lichen, the genus of lichen is commonly called rock pimples.[2]: 352
Species
Staurothele alboterrestris van den Boom & Etayo (2017)
Staurothele ambrosiana (A.Massal.) Lettau (1914)
Staurothele arctica Lynge (1937)
Staurothele areolata (Ach.) Lettau (1912)
Staurothele bacilligera (Arnold) Arnold (1885)
Staurothele caesia (Arnold) Arnold (1885)
Staurothele clopima (Wahlenb.) Th.Fr. (1861)
Staurothele dendritica V.Wirth (2006)
Staurothele desquamescens (Zahlbr.) Aptroot (2004)
Staurothele drummondii (Tuck.) Tuck. (1872)
Staurothele elenkinii Oxner (1927)
Staurothele fissa (Taylor) Zwackh (1862)
Staurothele frustulenta Vain. (1921)
Staurothele geoica Zschacke (1919)
Staurothele guestphalica (J.Lahm ex Körb.) Arnold (1885)
Staurothele honghensis H.Harada & Li S.Wang (2006)[3]
Staurothele hymenogonia (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (1865)
Staurothele nemorum C.A.Morse & Ladd (2019)[4] – USA
Staurothele oxneri S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2016)
Staurothele pulvinata (Th.Fr.) Heiðm. (2017)
Staurothele rufa (A.Massal.) Zschacke (1913)
Staurothele rugosa J.W.Thomson (1991)[5]
Staurothele rugulosa (A.Massal.) Arnold (1897)
Staurothele rupifraga (A.Massal.) Arnold (1881)
Staurothele septentrionalis Lynge (1928)
Staurothele succedens (Rehm) Arnold (1881)
References
Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. hdl:10481/76378. S2CID 249054641.
Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-300-19500-2
Harada, H.; Wang, L.S. (2006). "Taxonomic study on the freshwater species of Verrucariaceae (lichenized Ascomycota) of Yunnan, China (2). Genus Staurothele". Lichenology. 5 (1): 13–22.
Morse, Caleb A.; Ladd, Douglas (2019). "Staurothele nemorum sp. nov. (Ascomycota: Verrucariaceae), with a revised key to North American Staurothele s. lat.". The Lichenologist. 51 (6): 495–506. doi:10.1017/s0024282919000410. S2CID 213294478.
Thomson, John W. (1991). "The lichen genus Staurothele in North America". The Bryologist. 94 (4): 351–367. doi:10.2307/3243824. JSTOR 3243824.
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