Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Fungi
Subregnum: Dikarya
Divisio: Ascomycota
Subdivisio: Pezizomycotina
Classis: Lecanoromycetes
Subclassis: Lecanoromycetidae
Ordo: Lecanorales
Familia: Byssolomataceae
Genus: Scutula
Species: S. aggregata – S. circumspecta – S. cladoniicola – S. curvispora – S. dedicata – S. didymospora – S. effusa – S. epiblastematica – S. heeri – S. igniarii – S. krempelhuberi – S. miliaris – S. nephromatis – S. pseudocyphellariae – S. solorinaria – S. stereocaulorum – S. tuberculosa – S. wallrothii
Name
Scutula Tul., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 3, 17: 118 (1852). [MycoBank #4979] (nom. cons.)
(non Scutula Lour., Flora Cochinchinensis (1): 235 (1790). (Melastomataceae))
Type Species: Scutula wallrothii Tul., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 3, 17: 119 (1852). [MycoBank #241289]
References
Tulasne, L.-R. 1852. Mémoire pour servir à l'histoire organographique et physiologique des lichens. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, Ser. 3, 17: 5–128, 153–249, pls. 1–16. BHL BHL BHL Open access. Reference page.
Alstrup, V. and Hawksworth, D.L. (1990) The lichenicolous fungi of Greenland. - Meddelelser om Gronland, Bioscience 31: 1–90. (RLL List # 140 / Rec. # 498 - Recent Literature on Lichens)
Hafellner, J.; Triebel, D.; Ryan, B.D.; Nash III, T.H. (2002) On lichenicolous fungi from North America. II. Mycotaxon 84: 293–329. (RLL List # 190 / Rec. # 24271 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Web site)
Hansen, E.S. and Alstrup, V. (1995) The lichenicolous fungi on Cladonia subgenus Cladina in Greenland. Graphis Scripta 7: 33–38. (RLL List # 159 / Rec. # 7624 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Web site)
Martínez Moreno, M.I. (1999) Taxonomía del Género Peltigera Willd. (Ascomycetes Liquenizados) en la Península Ibérica y Estudio de sus Hongos Liquenícolas. - Ruizia. Monografías del Real Jardín Botánico, 15, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid. 200 pp. (RLL List # 175 / Rec. # 12290 - Recent Literature on Lichens)
Rambold, G. and Triebel, D. (1992) The Interlecanoralean Associations. Bibl. Lichenol. 48: 1–201. (RLL List # 150 / Rec. # 15272 - Recent Literature on Lichens)
Spribille, T.; Pérez-Ortega, S.; Tønsberg, T. and Schirokauer, D. (2010) Lichens and lichenicolous fungi of the Klondike Gold Rush National Historic Park, Alaska, in a global biodiversity. The Bryologist 113(3): 439–515. (RLL List # 221 / Rec. # 32534 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (JSTOR) (PDF file)
Triebel, D. and Kainz, C. (2004) Scutula (pp. 692-693) In: Nash III, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Diederich, P., Gries, C. and Bungartz, F. (eds.), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 2. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 742 pages. (RLL List # 196 / Rec. # 26022 - Recent Literature on Lichens)
Triebel, D.; Wedin, M. and Rambold, G. (1997) The genus Scutula (lichenicolous ascomycetes, Lecanorales): species on the Peltigera canina and P. horizontalis groups. - In: Tibell, L. and Hedberg, I. (eds.): Lichen Studies Dedicated to Rolf Santesson. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Uppsala, pp. 323-337. (RLL List # 170 / Rec. # 18994 - Recent Literature on Lichens)
Wedin, M.; Ihlen, P.G. and Triebel, D. (2007) Scutula tuberculosa, the correct name of the Scutula growing on Solorina spp., with a key to Scutula s. str. in the Northern Hemisphere. Lichenologist 39: 329–333. (RLL List # 208 / Rec. # 29801 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (doi:10.1017/S0024282907006949)
Links
Index Fungorum: IF 4979
MycoBank: MB 4979
Scutula – Taxon details on Catalogue of Life (COL).
Scutula – Taxon details on Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).
Vernacular names
English: Scutula lichen
Scutula is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Ramalinaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus Scutula was circumscribed by French botanist Louis René Étienne Tulasne in 1862.[2] The limits of the generic circumscription as well as the limits of certain species in Scutula was confused for a long time.[3][4][5][6] In 1997, Triebel and colleagues applied the name Scutula specifically to a group of species growing on hosts of the Lecanorales suborder Peltigerineae, a monophyletic grouping of cyanobacteria-associated lichens.[7] Before this, Scutula was applied to a diverse set of unrelated lichenicolous fungi featuring hyaline spores with a single septum and sessile apothecia.[8]
Once classified in the family Micareaceae, molecular phylogenetic analysis showed Scutula to be nested within the Ramalinaceae, closely related to the genus Toninia.[9] This familial placement has been accepted in recent large-scale updates of fungal classifications.[10][11][12]
Description
Scutula species are characterized by apothecia that are either lecideine (where exciple forms the underside and outer layer of the apothecium, extending up to the rim, where it forms a darkened "proper margin") or biatorine (having a pale, not darkened proper margin and always lacking a thalline margin). The paraphyses are non-capitate (i.e., lacking a knob-like structure at the tip). Asci have a fuzzy amyloid (in Lugol's iodine solution after pre-treatment with KOH) axial tube structure of the ‘Scutula’-type. The ascospores are smooth, hyaline, and contain a single septum. Anamorphs associated with Scutula include Libertiella in the mesoconidia and Karsteniomyces in the macroconidia.[8]
Species
Scutula aggregata Bagl. & Carestia (1889)
Scutula circumspecta (Nyl. ex Vain.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.Ekman (2018)
Scutula curvispora (D.Hawksw. & Miadl.) Diederich (2018)
Scutula dedicata Triebel, Wedin & Rambold (1997)[7]
Scutula didymospora (D.Hawksw. & Miadl.) Diederich (2018)
Scutula effusa (Auersw. ex Rabenh.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.Ekman (2018)
Scutula epiblastematica (Wallr.) Rehm (1890)
Scutula heeri (Hepp ex A.Massal.) P. Karst. (1885)
Scutula krempelhuberi Körb. (1865)
Scutula miliaris (Wallr.) P.Karst. (1853)
Scutula nephromatis (Speg.) Etayo (2008)
Scutula pseudocyphellariae Etayo & Triebel (2010)[13]
Scutula solorinaria (Nyl.) P.Karst. (1885)
Scutula stereocaulorum (Anzi) Körb. (1865)
Scutula tuberculosa (Th.Fr.) Rehm (1906)
Scutula wallrothii Tul. (1852)
References
"Synonymy: Scutula Tul". Species Fungorum. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
Tulasne, L.-R. (1852). "Mémoire pour servir à l'histoire organographique et physiologique des Lichens". Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique. Série 3 (in French). 17: 118.
Santesson, R. (1960). "Lichenicolous fungi from northern Spain". Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. 54 (4): 499–522.
Hawksworth, D.L. (1986). "Notes on British lichenicolous fungi: V". Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh. 43 (3): 497–519.
Hawksworth, D.L. (2000). "Notes on some fungi occurring on Peltigera, with a key to accepted species". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 74 (2): 363–386. doi:10.1016/S0007-1536(80)80167-7.
Hawksworth; D.L. (2003). "The lichenicolous fungi of Great Britain and Ireland: an overview and annotated checklist". The Lichenologist. 35 (3): 191–232. doi:10.1016/S0024-2829(03)00027-6.
Triebel, D.; Wedin, M.; Rambold, G. (1997). "The genus Scutula (lichenicolous ascomycetes, Lecanorales): species on the Peltigera canina and P. horizontalis groups". Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses. 32 (1): 323–337.
Wedin, Mats; Ihlen, Per G.; Triebel, Dagmar (2007). "Scutula tuberculosa, the correct name of the Scutula growing on Solorina spp., with a key to Scutula s. str. in the Northern Hemisphere". The Lichenologist. 39 (4): 329–333. doi:10.1017/S0024282907006949.
Andersen, Heidi L.; Ekman, Stefan (2005). "Disintegration of the Micareaceae (lichenized Ascomycota)—a molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial rDNA sequences". Mycological Research. 109 (1): 21–30. doi:10.1017/S0953756204001625. PMID 15736860.
Lücking, Robert; Hodkinson, Brendan P.; Leavitt, Steven D. (2017). "The 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota–Approaching one thousand genera". The Bryologist. 119 (4): 361–416. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-119.4.361. S2CID 90258634.
Wijayawardene, Nalin N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Liu, Jian Kui; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Ekanayaka, Anusha H.; Tian, Qing; Phookamsak, Rungtiwa (2018). "Outline of Ascomycota: 2017". Fungal Diversity. 88 (1): 167–263. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0394-8. S2CID 7485476.
Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; LKT, Al-Ani; S, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; Tsurykau, Andrei; Mesic, Armin; Navathe, Sudhir; Papp, Viktor; Oliveira Fiuza, Patrícia; Vázquez, Víctor; Gautam, Ajay; Becerra, Alejandra G.; Ekanayaka, Anusha; K. C., Rajeshkumar; Bezerra, Jadson; Matočec, Neven; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa; Suetrong, Satinee (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
Etayo, J.; Triebel, D. (2010). "New and interesting lichenicolous fungi at the Botanische Staatssammlung München". The Lichenologist. 42 (3): 231–240. doi:10.1017/S0024282909990417.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
