Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Fungi
Subregnum: Dikarya
Divisio: Ascomycota
Subdivisio: Pezizomycotina
Classis: Eurotiomycetes
Subclassis: Sclerococcomycetidae
Ordo: Sclerococcales
Familia: Dactylosporaceae
Genus: Sclerococcum
Species: S. acarosporae – S. areolatum – S. arthrobotryinum – S. bloxamii – S. caledonicum – S. canariense – S. cladoniae – S. epimyces – S. epiphytorum – S. gelidarium – S. griseisporodochium – S. hawksworthii – S. imperfectum – S. inopinum – S. leuckertii – S. luridum – S. mediterraneum – S. montagnei – S. normandinae – S. parmeliae – S. pseudourceolatum – S. rubiginosum – S. serusiauxii – S. simplex – S. sphaerale – S. stipitatum – S. stygium – S. tephromelarum – S. urceolatum – S. verrucisporum – S. verruculosum
Species (To be Transfered): D. aeruginosa – D. amygdalariae – D. athallina – D. attendenda – D. australis – D. borealis – D. deminuta – D. frigida – D. glaucomarioides – D. hafellneriana – D. heimerlii – D. homoclinella – D. inconspicua – D. inquilina – D. lobariella – D. parasitica – D. parellaria – D. pertusariicola – D. pleiosperma – D. polyspora – D. porphyrea – D. protothallina – D. purpurascens – D. rhyparizae – D. saxatilis – D. urceolata
Name
Sclerococcum Fr., 1825
Type Species: Sclerococcum sphaerale (Ach.) Fr., 1825
Synonyms
Dactylospora Körb., Syst. Lich. Germ.: 271 (1855)
Spilomium Nyl., Mém. Soc. natn. Sci. nat. math. Cherbourg 5: 91 (1858)
References
Diederich, P., Lawrey, J.D. and Ertz, D., 2018. The 2018 classification and checklist of lichenicolous fungi, with 2000 non-lichenized, obligately lichenicolous taxa. The Bryologist, 121(3), pp.340-425. DOI: 10.1639/0007-2745-121.3.340
Fr., Syst. orb. veg. (Lundae) 1: 172 (1825)
Fries, E. (1825) Systema Orbis Vegetabilis. Primas lineas novae constrictionis periclitatur Elias Fries. Pars I. Plantae homonemeae. - Lundae. 1-369(-374) pp. **[Mattick Rec.# 16825] - (Recent Literature on Lichens - Mattick No.)** (PDF file)
Körber, Syst. Lich. Germ.: 271 (1855)
Koerber, G.W. (1855) Systema Lichenum Germaniae (I-XXXIV). Die Flechten Deutschlands mikroscopisch geprüft, kritisch gesichtet, charakteristisch beschrieben und systematisch geordnet. - Breslau. pp. (Mattick Rec.# 23705 - Literature on Lichens) (Biodiversity Heritage Library)
Arnold, F. (1877) Lichenologische Fragmente. XX. (Schluß) III. Parasiten. - Flora (Regensburg)\Flora 60: 298–302. (Mattick Rec.# 31936 - Literature on Lichens) (Biodiversity Heritage Library)
Bellemere, A. and Hafellner, J. (1982) L'ultrastructure des asques de genre Dactylospora (Discomycetes) et son interet taxonomique. - Cryptogamie, Mycologie 3: 71–93. (RLL List # 116-8 / Rec. # 1729 - Recent Literature on Lichens)
Döbbeler, P. and Triebel, D. (1985) Hepaticole Vertreter der Gattungen Muellerella und Dactylospora (Ascomycetes) [Hepaticolous representatives of the genera Muellerella and Dactylospora (Ascomycetes)]. - Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 107(1-4): 503–519. (RLL List # 149 / Rec. # 3969 - Recent Literature on Lichens)
Etayo, J. and Breuss, O. (1998) New species and interesting records of lichenicolous fungi. Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde 7: 203–213. (RLL List # 174 / Rec. # 5277 - Recent Literature on Lichens)
Hafellner, J. (1979) Karschia. Revision einer Sammelgattung an der Grenze von lichenisierten und nichlichenisierten Ascomyceten. - Beiheft zur Nova Hedwigia 62: 1–248. (RLL List # 104-39 / Rec. # 7242 - Recent Literature on Lichens)
Hafellner, J. (1985) Studien uber lichenicole Pilze und Flechten IV. Die auf Brigantiaea-Arten beobachteten Ascomyceten. - Herzogia 7: 163–180. (RLL List # 129-64 / Rec. # 7254 - Recent Literature on Lichens)
Hafellner, J. (2004) Dactylospora (pp. 645-648) In: Nash III, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Diederich, P., Gries, C. and Bungartz, F. (eds.), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 2. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 742 pages. (RLL List # 196 / Rec. # 25993 - Recent Literature on Lichens)
Hafellner, J.; Triebel, D.; Ryan, B.D. and Nash, TH, III (2002) On lichenicolous fungi from North America. II. - Mycotaxon 84: 293–329. (RLL List # 190 / Rec. # 24271 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Web site)
Harris, R. C. and Lendemer, J.C. (2005) Contributions to the lichen flora of Pennsylvania: a checklist of lichens collected during the first Howard Crum Bryological Workshop, Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. Opuscula Philolichenum 2: 1–10. (RLL List # 198 / Rec. # 26679 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Web site)
Ihlen, P.G.; Holien, H. and Tønsberg, T. (2004) Two new species of Dactylospora (Dactylosporaceae, Lecanorales), with a key to the known species in Scandinavia. The Bryologist 107(3)`: 357–362. (RLL List # xx / Rec. # 25798 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (JSTOR)
Triebel, D. (1989) Lecideicole Ascomyceten. Eine Revision der obligat lichenicolen Ascomyceten auf lecideoiden Flechten. - Bibliotheca Lichenologica, No. 35. J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart. 278 pp. (RLL List # 139 / Rec. # 18996 - Recent Literature on Lichens)
Wirth, V. (1995) Dactylospora Körber em. Hafellner (p. 369 - Teil 1) In, Die Flechten Baden-Württembergs, Teil 1 & 2. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co., Stuttgart. 1006 pp.; in German. (RLL List # 159 / Rec. # 20405 - Recent Literature on Lichens)
Olariaga, I., Teres, J., Martín, J., Prieto, M. and Baral, H.O., 2019. Pseudosclerococcum golindoi gen. et sp. nov., a new taxon with apothecial ascomata and a Chalara-like anamorph within the Sclerococcales (Eurotiomycetes). Mycological Progress, 18(7), pp.895-905. DOI: 10.1007/s11557-019-01500-7
Links
Index Fungorum
MycoBank
Vernacular names
Sclerococcum is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Dactylosporaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed in 1825 by Elias Magnus Fries.[1] The type species is Sclerococcum sphaerale, originally described in 1814 by Erik Acharius (as Spiloma sphaerale). This fungus is a lichenicolous hyphomycete – a mould that lives on a lichen. Most of the Sclerococcum species described since then are also lichenicolous, and most have a restricted host range. Molecular phylogenetics analysis published in 2012 showed that Sclerococcum sphaerale grouped together in a clade with species of Dactylospora in the class Eurotiomycetes.[2]
In 2016, Réblová and colleagues proposed a new family Sclerococcaceae in a new order (Sclerococcales) to accommodate the type genus Sclerococcum, Dactylospora, Rhopalophora, three strains of beetle-associated fungi, and an isolate of Fusichalara minuta.[3] This classification was not accepted in the 2017 Outline of the Ascomycota, which retained the family Dactylosporaceae.[4]
Species
Sclerococcum acarosporae S.Y.Kondr. (2002)[5]
Sclerococcum acarosporicola Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum aeruginosum (Holien & Ihlen) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum ahtii (Zhurb. & Pino-Bodas) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum allantoideum (Alstrup & D.Hawksw.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum amygdalariae (Triebel) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum anziae (Zhurb., Ezhkin, Skirina & Y.Ohmura) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum aptrootii Diederich (2015)[6]
Sclerococcum areolatum Etayo (2008)
Sclerococcum arthrobotryinum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
Sclerococcum aspiciliicola (Alstrup & D.Hawksw.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum athallinum (Müll.Arg.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum attendendum (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum australe (Triebel & Hertel) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum bloxamii (Berk. & W.Phillips) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
Sclerococcum boreale (Holien & Ihlen) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum caledonicum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
Sclerococcum canariense (Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
Sclerococcum cladoniicola (Alstrup & Olech) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum crassitunicatum Zhurb., Diederich & U.Braun (2017)
Sclerococcum crassum (Sarrión & Hafellner) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum davidii (Hafellner & H.Mayrhofer) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum deminutum (Th.Fr.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum dendriscostictae Y.Joshi (2021)[7] – India
Sclerococcum dobrowolskii (Olech & Alstrup) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum epicladonia Zhurb. (2017)[8]
Sclerococcum epimyces (Tobisch) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
Sclerococcum epiphytorum Diederich (1990)[9]
Sclerococcum ewersii Elix, P.M.McCarthy & Hafellner (2019)[10] – Australia
Sclerococcum fissurinae Pérez-Ort. (2020)[11] – Alaska
Sclerococcum frigidum (Hafellner) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum gelidarium Etayo & F.Berger (2000)[12]
Sclerococcum glaucomarioides (Willey ex Tuck.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum griseisporodochium Etayo (1995)[13]
Sclerococcum hafellnerianum (Sérus.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum haliotrephum (Kohlm. & E.Kohlm.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum heterodermiae (Etayo) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum homoclinellum (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum imperfectum (Ellis) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
Sclerococcum inconspicuum (Etayo) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum inopinum (Döbbeler & W.R.Buck) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
Sclerococcum inquilinum (Tuck.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum leuckertii Diederich & P.Scholz (1995)[14]
Sclerococcum lobariellum (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum luridum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
Sclerococcum mangrovei (E.B.G.Jones, Alias, Abdel-Wahab & S.Y.Hsieh) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum mediterraneum (Sarrión & Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
Sclerococcum microsporum (Etayo) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum montagnei Hafellner (1996)[15] – Macaronesia
Sclerococcum olivaceum Etayo & F.Berger (2004)
Sclerococcum ophthalmizae Coppins (2018)
Sclerococcum orygmaeum (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum parasitaster (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum parasiticum (Flörke) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum parellarium (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum pertusariicola (Willey ex Tuck.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum phaeophysciae Diederich & van den Boom (2017)[16]
Sclerococcum phyllobaeis Etayo (2017)
Sclerococcum physciae Y.Joshi (2021)[7] – India
Sclerococcum pleiospermum (Triebel) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum polysporum (Triebel) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum porphyreum (Hafellner & Kalb) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum protothallinum (Anzi) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum pseudourceolatum (Sarrión & Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
Sclerococcum purpurascens (Triebel) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum pyrenaicum (Etayo) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum rhyparizae (Arnold) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum ricasoliae (Vouaux) Flakus, Rodr.Flakus & Etayo (2019)
Sclerococcum rimulicola (Müll.Arg.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum rostrupii (Alstrup) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum rubiginosum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
Sclerococcum saxatile (Schaer.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum serusiauxii Boqueras & Diederich (1993)[17]
Sclerococcum simplex D.Hawksw. (1979)[18]
Sclerococcum sipmanii Diederich (2015)[6]
Sclerococcum sphaerale (Ach.) Fr. (1825)
Sclerococcum stipitatum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
Sclerococcum stygium (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
Sclerococcum suburceolatum (Coppins & Fryday) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum tegularum (Arnold) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum tephromelarum Etayo & Calat. (1998)[19]
Sclerococcum thelotrematicola (Elix) Fryday (2019)
Sclerococcum toensbergii Diederich (2017)[16]
Sclerococcum urceolatum (Th.Fr.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
Sclerococcum verrucisporum Alstrup (1993)[20]
Sclerococcum verruculosum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
Sclerococcum vrijmoediae (K.L.Pang, Sheng Y.Guo, Alias, Hafellner & E.B.G.Jones) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
References
Fries, Elias M. (1825). Systema Orbis Vegetabilis (in Latin). Vol. 1. Lund: Typographia Academica. p. 79.
Diederich, Paul; Ertz, Damien; Lawrey, James D.; Sikaroodi, Masoumeh; Untereiner, Wendy A. (2012). "Molecular data place the hyphomycetous lichenicolous genus Sclerococcum close to Dactylospora (Eurotiomycetes) and S. parmeliae in Cladophialophora (Chaetothyriales)". Fungal Diversity. 58 (1): 61–72. doi:10.1007/s13225-012-0179-4.
Réblová, Martina; Untereiner, Wendy A.; Štěpánek, Václav; Gams, Walter (2016). "Disentangling Phialophora section Catenulatae: disposition of taxa with pigmented conidiophores and recognition of a new subclass, Sclerococcomycetidae (Eurotiomycetes)". Mycological Progress. 16 (1): 27–46. doi:10.1007/s11557-016-1248-y.
Wijayawardene, Nalin N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Liu, Jian Kui; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Ekanayaka, Anusha H.; Tian, Qing; Phookamsak, Rungtiwa (2018). "Outline of Ascomycota: 2017". Fungal Diversity. 88 (1): 167–263. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0394-8.
Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Zelenko, S.D. (2002). "New lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Israel and the Near East". Ukrainskiy Botanichnyi Zhurnal. 59 (5): 598–607.
Diederich, P. (2015). "Two new lichenicolous species of Sclerococcum (asexual Ascomycetes) growing on Graphidaceae". Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois. 117: 35–42.
Joshi, Y. (2021). "Two new species of lichenicolous fungus Sclerococcum (Dactylosporaceae, Sclerococcales) from India". Acta Botanica Hungarica. 63 (1–2): 67–75. doi:10.1556/034.63.2021.1-2.5.
Zhurbenko, M.P.; Pino-Bodas, R. (2017). "A revision of lichenicolous fungi growing on Cladonia, mainly from the Northern Hemisphere, with a worldwide key to the known species". Opuscula Philolichenum. 16: 188–266.
Diederich, P. (1990). "New or interesting lichenicolous fungi 1. Species from Luxembourg". Mycotaxon. 37: 297–330.
Elix, J.A.; McCarthy, P.M.; Hafellner, J. (2019). "A new lichenicolous species of Sclerococcum (Dactylosporaceae, Ascomycota) from south-eastern Australia". Australasian Lichenology. 85: 43–45.
Spribille, Toby; Fryday, Alan M.; Pérez-Ortega, Sergio; Svensson, Måns; Tønsberg, Tor; Ekman, Stefan; Holien, Håkon; Resl, Philipp; Schneider, Kevin; Stabentheiner, Edith; Thüs, Holger; Vondrák, Jan; Sharman, Lewis (2020). "Lichens and associated fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska". The Lichenologist. 52 (2): 61–181. doi:10.1017/S0024282920000079. hdl:10261/232567.
Berger, F. (2000). "Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Flechten und lichenicolen Pilze Islands". Acta Botanica Islandica (in German). 13: 69–82.
Etayo, J. (1995). "Two new species of lichenicolous fungi from the Pyrenees". Nova Hedwigia. 61 (1–2): 189–197.
Diederich, P.; Scholz, P. (1994). "New or interesting lichenicolous fungi. 5. - Sclerococcum leuckertii spec. nova (Deuteromycotina)". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 57: 113–116.
Hafellner, J. (1996). "Bemerkenswerte Funde von Flechten und lichenicolen Pilzen auf makaronesischen Inseln V". Herzogia (in German). 12: 133–145.
Diederich, P.; van den Boom, P. (2017). "Sclerococcum phaeophysciae and S. toensbergii, two new lichenicolous asexual Ascomycetes, with a revised key to the species of Sclerococcum". Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois. 119: 71–78.
Boqueras, M.; Diederich, P. (1993). "New or interesting lichenicolous fungi. 3. Karsteniomyces llimonae sp. nov. and Sclerococcum serusiauxii sp. nov. (Deuteromycotina)". Mycotaxon. 47: 425–431.
Hawksworth, D.L. (1979). "The lichenicolous Hyphomycetes". Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History. 6 (3): 249.
Etayo, J.; Calatayud, V. (1998). "Sclerococcum (Deuteromycotina) with black sporodochia in Spain". Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien. 100: 677–681.
Alstrup, V. (1993). "News on lichenicolous fungi from the Nordic countries". Graphis Scripta. 5 (2): 96–104.
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