Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Fungi
Subregnum: Dikarya
Divisio: Ascomycota
Subdivisio: Pezizomycotina
Classis: Sordariomycetes
Subclassis: Hypocreomycetidae
Ordo: Hypocreales
Familia: Bionectriaceae
Genus: Pronectria
Species: P. angulospora – P. anisospora – P. casaresii – P. collematis – P. dealbans – P. dillmaniae – P. echinulata – P. erythrinella – P. fissuriprodiens – P. fragmospora – P. invisibilis – P. leptaleae – P. leptaleoides – P. leptogii – P. lichenicola – P. microspora – P. minuta – P. neofissuriprodiens – P. occulta – P. oligospora – P. parmotrematis – P. pertusariicola – P. pilosa – P. protopannariae – P. robergei – P. rolfiana – P. roseopunctata – P. santessonii – P. septemseptata – P. solorinae – P. sticticola – P. subimperspicua – P. tenacis – P. tenuispora – P. terrestris – P. tibellii – P. tincta – P. verrucariae – P. walkerorum – P. xanthoriae
Name
Pronectria Clements, 1931
Anamorph Acremonium-like.
References
Primary
Clements, in Clements & Shear, Gen. fung., Edn 2 (Minneapolis): 78 , 282 (1931)
Clements, F.E., Shear, C.L. & Clements, E.S. 1931. The Genera of Fungi. 496 pp., 58 pls. H.W. Wilson, New York. BHL Reference page.
Secondary
Etayo, J. (1998) Some hypocrealean lichenicolous fungi from Southwest Europe. - Nova Hedwigia 67 (3-4): 499–509. **[RLL List # 179 / Rec.# 5321] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Etayo, J. (2002) Aportación al Conocimiento de los Hongos Liquenícolas de Colombia. - Bibliotheca Lichenologica, 84, J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart. 154 pp. **[RLL List # 189 / Rec.# 23692] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (Band 84)
López de Silanes, M.E.; Etayo, J. and Paz-Bermúdez, G. (2009) Pronectria pilosa (Hypocreaceae) sp. nova. and other lichenicolous fungi found on Collemataceae in the Iberian Peninsula. The Bryologist 112 (1): 101–108. **[RLL List # 214 / Rec.# 31172] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (JSTOR)
Lowen, R. (1990): New combinations in Pronectria. - Mycotaxon 39: 461–463. **[RLL List # / Rec.# 11820] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (Complete article)
Lowen, R. (1995) Acremonium section Lichenoidea section nov. and Pronectria oligospora species nov. - Mycotaxon 53: 81–95. **[RLL List # 157 / Rec.# 11821] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (Complete article)]
Lowen, R. and Diederich, P. (1990) Pronectria xanthoriae and P. terrestris, two new lichenicolous fungi (Hypocreales). - Mycologia 82 (6): 788–791. **[RLL List # 143 / Rec.# 11818] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (Complete article)
Rossman, A.Y.; Samuels, G.J.; Rogerson, C.T. and Lowen, R. (1999) Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes). - Studies in Mycology, 42, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn/Delft. 248 pp. **[RLL List # 179 / Rec.# 15900] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Zhurbenko, M. (2007) New lichenicolous fungi from Eurasia. - Graphis Scripta 19 (1): 1–9. **[RLL List # 207 / Rec.# 29385] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (PDF file) (Web site)
Zhurbenko, M.P. and Alstrup, V. (2004) Lichenicolous fungi on Cladonia mainly from the Arctic. - Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 34 (1): 477–499. **[RLL List # 200 / Rec.# 27626] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)**
Zhurbenko, M.P.; Laursen, G.A. and Walker, D.A. (2005) New and rare lichenicolous fungi and lichens from the North American Arctic. - Mycotaxon 92: 201–212. **[RLL List # 200 / Rec.# 27628] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (Complete article)
Links
USDA Plants Database
Index Fungorum
MycoBank
Vernacular names
Pronectria is a genus of fungi in the family Bionectriaceae. It consists of 44 species,[1] all of which are lichenicolous.[2] The genus was circumscribed by American plant ecologist Frederic Clements in 1931.[3]
Species
Pronectria algicola Vondráková, A.Naumovich & Khodos. (2012)
Pronectria angulospora Etayo (1998)
Pronectria anisospora (Lowen) Lowen (1990)
Pronectria biglobosa Etayo (2017)
Pronectria caloplacae Khodos., Vondrák & Naumovich (2012)
Pronectria casaresii Etayo (1998)
Pronectria collematis Etayo & Brackel (2010)
Pronectria dillmaniae Zhurb. (2005)
Pronectria diplococca Kocourk., Khodos., Naumovich, Vondrák & Motiej. (2012)
Pronectria echinulata Lowen (1999)
Pronectria erythrinella (Nyl.) Lowen (1990)
Pronectria fragmospora Etayo (2008)
Pronectria hymeniicola Etayo (2010)
Pronectria invisibilis Etayo (2008)
Pronectria japonica Zhurb., Tadome & Y.Ohmura (2018)
Pronectria lecideicola Zhurb. (2009)
Pronectria leptaleae (J.Steiner) Lowen (1990)
Pronectria leptogii Etayo (2002)
Pronectria lichenicola (Ces.) Clem. (1931)
Pronectria microspora Etayo (2002)
Pronectria minuta Motiej. & Kukwa (2008)
Pronectria neofissuriprodiens F.Berger & E.Zimm. (2016)
Pronectria occulta Etayo (2008)
Pronectria oligospora Lowen & Rogerson (1995)
Pronectria parmotrematis Etayo (2001)
Pronectria pedemontana Brackel (2013)
Pronectria pertusariicola Lowen (1999)
Pronectria pilosa Etayo & López de Silanes (2009)
Pronectria pycnidioidea Etayo (2017)
Pronectria rhizocarpicola Brackel (2013)
Pronectria robergei (Mont. & Desm.) Lowen (1990)
Pronectria rolfiana Etayo (2010)
Pronectria roseopunctata Etayo (2002)
Pronectria santessonii (Lowen & D.Hawksw.) Lowen (1990)
Pronectria sticticola Etayo (2002)
Pronectria tenacis (Vouaux) Lowen (1990)
Pronectria tenuispora (D.Hawksw.) Lowen (1990)
Pronectria terrestris Lowen & Diederich (1990)
Pronectria tibellii Zhurb. (2004)
Pronectria tincta (Fuckel) Lowen (1990)
Pronectria toniniae Etayo (2010)
Pronectria verrucariae (Vouaux) Lowen (1990)
Pronectria walkerorum Zhurb. (2005)
Pronectria xanthoriae Lowen & Diederich (1990)
Pronectria zhurbenkoi Brackel (2015)
References
Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. hdl:10481/76378.
Diederich, Paul; Lawrey, James D.; Ertz, Damien (2018). "The 2018 classification and checklist of lichenicolous fungi, with 2000 non-lichenized, obligately lichenicolous taxa". The Bryologist. 121 (3): 340–425. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-121.3.340. S2CID 92396850.
Clements, Fredric E.; Shear, Cornelius L. (1931). The Genera of Fungi. New York: H.W. Wilson Co. pp. 78, 282.
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