Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Fungi
Subregnum: Dikarya
Divisio: Ascomycota
Subdivisio: Pezizomycotina
Classis: Lecanoromycetes
Subclassis: Acarosporomycetidae
Ordo: Acarosporales
Familia: Acarosporaceae
Genus: Pleopsidium
Species: Pleopsidium flavum
Name
Pleopsidium flavum (Bellardi) Körb., 1855
Substrate and ecology: On perpendicular or overhanging hard acid rock.
Basionym: Lichen flavus Bellardi, 1792
Synonyms
Acarospora oxytona (Ach.) A.Massal.
Acarospora flava (Bellardi) Ach.
Pleopsidium oxytonum (Ach.) Rabenh.
References
Körber, Syst. Lich. Germ.: 114 (1855)
Koerber, G.W. (1855) Systema Lichenum Germaniae (I-XXXIV). Die Flechten Deutschlands mikroscopisch geprüft, kritisch gesichtet, charakteristisch beschrieben und systematisch geordnet. - Breslau.
Brodo, I.M., Sharnoff, S.D. and Sharnoff, S. (2001) Pleopsidium (p. 578-579) In, Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven, 795 pages. (Description of P. flavum: p. 578; color photo: p. 579)
Knudsen, K. (2007) Pleopsidium (pp. 274-276) In: Nash III, T.H., Gries, C., and Bungartz, F. (eds.), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 3. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 567 pages. (Description of Pleopsidium flavum: pp. 275-276; distribution map for the Sonoran Desert Region: p. 276) (Color photo in plate section of Vol. III)
St. Clair, L.L. (1999) Pleopsidium (pp. 157-158) In, A color guidebook to common Rocky Mountain lichens. M.L. Bean Life Science Museum of Brigham Young University Publisher, 242 pp. (Description and color photo of P. flavum: p. 158)
Thomson, J.W. (1997) Acarospora (pp. 19-36). In, American Arctic Lichens: 2. The Microlichens. The University of Wisconsin Press, 675 pages. (Description of Acarospora oxytona: p. 29; distribution map for North America: p. 29) (Acarospora oxytona = Pleopsidium flavum)
Wirth, V. (1995) Pleopsidium (pp. 751-753 - Teil 2) In, Die Flechten Baden-Württembergs, Teil 1 & 2. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co., Stuttgart. 1006 pp.; in German. (Description of P. flavum: pp. 752-753; color photo: p. 752)
Index Fungorum
USDA Plants Database
North American Lichen Checklist (Sep 2008)
Links to photos
Stephen Sharnoff's Lichen Photos -Pleopsidium flavum
The Lichen Herbarium, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway (Photo Gallery) - Pleopsidium flavum
Vernacular names
English: Gold cobblestone lichen
Pleopsidium flavum (gold cobblestone lichen)[1]: 27 is a distinctively colored, bright lemon-yellow to chartreuse[2] crustose lichen that grows in high elevations (montane to alpine) on vertical or overhanging hard felsic rock (e.g. granite) [3] in western North America.[4]: 186 Its thallus grows in a circular outwardly radiating pattern (placodioid), with 1mm wide lobed edges.[4]: 186 This is the identity of the vivid, lime-green lichens often photographed on granite boulders in the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge of Oklahoma.[3] According to Prof. Wayne Armstrong of Mount Palomar College, This lichen only grows "a few millimeters" per century.,[5] making it the slowest growing of all known plants (sensu lato).
It was formerly classified as Acarospora chlorophana.[4]: 186 It is in the Pleopsidium genus of the Acarosporaceae family.
It is similar to Acarospora schleicheri, which grows on soil (terricolous lichen) and rarely on rock, and to Pleopsidium chlorophanum, which favors dry arctic or alpine sandstone cliffs and boulders.[4]: 186
References
The Laws Field Guide to the Sierra Nevada, John Muir Laws , 2007
Crustose Rock Lichens, Wayne P. Armstrong, Wayne's World online textbook of natural history, [1]
Strawn, Sheila (2017). Lichen Study Guide for Oklahoma and Surrounding States (1 ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Botanical Research Institute of Texas. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-889878-55-3.
Mosses Lichens & Ferns of Northwest North America, Dale H. Vitt, Janet E. marsh, Robin B. Bovey, Lone Pine Publishing Company, ISBN 0-295-96666-1
Armstrong, Prof. Wayne (December 1997). "Desert Varnish and Lichen Crust". Retrieved April 4, 2001.
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