Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Fungi
Subregnum: Dikarya
Divisio: Ascomycota
Subdivisio: Pezizomycotina
Classis: Lecanoromycetes
Subclassis: Lecanoromycetidae
Ordo: Lecanorales
Familia: Tephromelataceae
Genus: Mycoblastus
Species: M. affinis – M. alpinus – M. austroshetlandicus – M. bryophilus – M. caesius – M. campbellianus – M. coniophorus – M. dendrophorus – M. disporus – M. dissimulans – M. duplicellus – M. endoxanthus – M. glabrescens – M. grisomagrinatus – M. hookeri – M. hypomelinus – M. implicatus – M. japonicus – M. kalioruber – M. leprarioides – M. minor – M. omurae – M. oreotropicanus – M. physodalicus – M. sanguinarioides – M. sanguinarius – M. sinensis
Name
Mycoblastus Norman [as ‘Mykoblastus’], Conat. Praem. Gen. Lich.: 24 (1852). [MycoBank #3310]
Type Species: Mycoblastus sanguinarius (L.) Norman [as ‘Mykoblastus sanguinaria’], Conat. Praem. Gen. Lich.: 25 (1852). [MycoBank #119482]
Synonyms
Megalospora A. Massal., Ric. auton. lich. crost. (Verona): 106 (1852)
Mycoblastomyces Cif. & Tomas., Atti Ist. bot. Univ. Lab. crittog. Pavia, Ser. 5 10(1): 37, 64 (1953)
Oedemocarpus Trevis., Linnaea 28: 289 (1857)
References
Norman, J.M. 1852. Conatus praemissus redactionis novae generum nonnullorum lichenum. 1–40, pls. I–II. Christianiae. Google Books. Reference page.
Norman, J.M. 1853. Conatus praemissus redactionis novae generum nonnullorum lichenum in organis fructificationis vel sporis fundatae. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne 7(3): 213–252, pls. I–II. BHL Reference page.
Kantvilas, G. 2009. The genus Mycoblastus in the cool temperate Southern Hemisphere, with special reference to Tasmania. The Lichenologist 41(2): 151–178. DOI: 10.1017/S0024282909008238 Hybrid open access journal. ResearchGate Open access. Reference page.
Brodo, I.M., Sharnoff, S.D. and Sharnoff, S. (2001) Mycoblastus (pp. 446-447) In, Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven, 795 pages. (RLL List # 184 / Rec. # 22465 - Recent Literature on Lichens)
Dobson, F.S. (2000) (Fourth edition) Mycoblastus (p. 235-237) In, Lichens: An illustrated guide to the British and Irish species. The Richmond Publishing Co., Ltd., Slough, England, 431 pp. (RLL List # 184 / Rec. # 22402 - Recent Literature on Lichens)
Spribille, T.; Klug, B. and Mayrhofer, H. (2011) A phylogenetic analysis of the boreal lichen Mycoblastus sanguinarius (Mycoblastaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) reveals cryptic clades correlated with fatty acid profiles. - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59(3): 603–614. (RLL List # 223 / Rec. # 32995 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.021)
Links
Index Fungorum: IF 3310
MycoBank: MB 3310
Mycoblastus in GBIF
Vernacular names
日本語: クロアカゴケ属
中文: 黑红衣属
Mycoblastus is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Tephromelataceae.[2] Members of the genus are commonly called blood lichens.[3][4]
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed in 1852 by Johannes Musaeus Norman, who selected the widespread Mycoblastus sanguinarius as the type species.[5] This species was one of many introduced by Carl Linnaeus in his influential 1753 work Species Plantarum, as Lichen sanguinarius.[6] In North America this species is colloquially known as the "bloody-heart lichen".[7]
In 1984 Josef Hafellner created the family Mycoblastaceae to contain this genus, but this family has since been placed in synonymy with the Tephromelataceae.[8]
Description
Mycoblastus species produce a grayish-white or greenish-gray crustose thallus that contains a green algal photobiont from the genus Trebouxia. The apothecia are typically large, hemmispherical, shiny black or dark pigmented, and lack a margin. There are highly branched and anastomosing paraphyses that form a network around the asci. The asci are lecanoralean (meaning an apothecium containing algae at least below the hypothecium and usually having a distinct amphithecium that often also contains algae) that mostly contain one or two, colorless, thick-walled ascospores.[7]
Species
As of April 2021, Species Fungorum accepts 14 species of Mycoblastus:[9]
Mycoblastus affinis (Schaer.) T.Schauer (1964) – temperate Northern Hemisphere
Mycoblastus alpinus (Fr.) Th.Fr. ex Hellb. (1885) – temperate Northern Hemisphere
Mycoblastus bryophilus Imshaug ex Kantvilas (2009)[10] – Campbell Island; Tasmania
Mycoblastus caesius (Coppins & P.James) Tønsberg (1992) – temperate oceanic areas of the Northern Hemisphere
Mycoblastus campbellianus (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1926) – New Zealand; Tasmania; Campbell Island; Macquarie Island; Australia; Tierra del Fuego; Chile
Mycoblastus coniophorus (Elix & A.W.Archer) Kantvilas & Elix (2009)[10] – Chile; Juan Fernandez; Auckland Island; Macquarie Island; Prince Edward Island; Tasmania; Australia
Mycoblastus disporus (C.Knight) Kantvilas (2009)[10] – Tasmania; New Zealand
Mycoblastus kalioruber Kantvilas (2009)[10] – Tasmania
Mycoblastus leprarioides Kantvilas & Elix (2009)[10] – Australia
Mycoblastus oreotropicanus Kantvilas (2016)[11] – Papua New Guinea
Mycoblastus physodalicus Kantvilas (2016)[11] – Queensland, Australia
Mycoblastus sanguinarioides Kantvilas (2009)[10] – Tasmania; Australia
Mycoblastus sanguinarius (L.) Norman (1926) – temperate Northern Hemisphere
Mycoblastus sinensis Kantvilas (2011)[12] – China
The species once known as Mycoblastus fucatus was transferred into a new genus, Violella, circumscribed in 2011 to contain it and other similar species with Biatora-type asci and unusual pigmentation in the hymenium.[13]
References
"Synonymy: Mycoblastus Norman, Conat. Praem. Gen. Lich.: 25 (1852)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:11336/151990.
"Name Search Results - USDA PLANTS". Retrieved 28 February 2017.
"Blood Lichen - Mycoblastus - Overview - Encyclopedia of Life". Retrieved 28 February 2017.
Norman, J.M. (1853). "Conatus praemissus redactionis novae generum nonullorum lichenum". NYT Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne (in Latin). 7: 213–252.
Linnaeus, Carl (1753). Species Plantarum (in Latin). Vol. 2. Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii. p. 1140.
Brodo, Irwin M.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen (2001). Lichens of North America. Yale University Press. p. 446. ISBN 978-0300082494.
Kraichak, Ekaphan; Crespo, Ana; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Leavitt, Steven D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2017). "A temporal banding approach for consistent taxonomic ranking above the species level". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 2297. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.2297K. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02477-7. PMC 5442095. PMID 28536470.
Source dataset. Species Fungorum Plus: Species Fungorum for CoL+. "Mycoblastus". Catalog of Life Version 2021-04-05. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
Kantvilas, Gintaras (2009). "The genus Mycoblastus in the cool temperate Southern Hemisphere, with special reference to Tasmania". The Lichenologist. 41 (2): 151–178. doi:10.1017/S0024282909008238. S2CID 84877735.
Kantvilas, Gintaras (2016). "Observations on some tropical species of the lichen genus Mycoblastus Norman (Mycoblastaceae)" (PDF). Austrobaileya. 9 (4): 539–545. doi:10.5962/p.299881. S2CID 260261422.
Kantvilas, Gintaras (2011). "Mycoblastus sinensis, a new lichen species from China" (PDF). Journal of Japanese Botany. 86: 59–62.
Spribille, Toby; Goffinet, Bernard; Barbara, Klug; Muggia, Lucia; Obermayer, Walter; Mayrhofer, Helmut (2011). "Molecular support for the recognition of the Mycoblastus fucatus group as the new genus Violella (Tephromelataceae, Lecanorales)". The Lichenologist. 43 (5): 445–466. doi:10.1017/S0024282911000478. PMC 3428935. PMID 22936837.
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