Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Fungi
Subregnum: Dikarya
Divisio: Basidiomycota
Subdivisio: Agaricomycotina
Classis: Agaricomycetes
Subclassis: Agaricomycetidae
Ordo: Agaricales
Subordo: Agaricineae
Familia: Hydnangiaceae
Genus: Laccaria
Laccaria bella
Laccaria is a genus around 75 species of fungus found in both temperate and tropical regions of the world.[1][2] They are mycorrhizal. The type species is Laccaria laccata, commonly known as the deceiver. Other notable species include L. bicolor, and the amethyst deceiver (L. amethystina), sometimes incorrectly written as L. amethystea. Because some Laccaria species have the ability to grow vegetatively and/or germinate from basidiospores in culture, they are often used as experimental systems for studies of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes.[3] They have a tetrapolar mating system, meaning that there the mating type is controlled by 2 loci. Recently, the genome of L. bicolor has been sequenced.[4]
Description
Laccaria typically have thick, widely spaced, purple to flesh-colored gills that are adnate to slightly decurrent in attachment. The spores are white and ornamented in most species.[5]
Species
The following is an list of Laccaria species reported in the literature:
| Image | Name | Year | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Laccaria acanthospora A.W. Wilson & G.M. Muell. | 2013 | ||
| Laccaria alba Zhu L. Yang & Lan Wang | 2004 | ||
 |
Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis G.M. Muell. | 1984 | western North America |
 |
Laccaria amethystina Cooke | 1884 | tropical Central and South America |
| Laccaria angustilamella Zhu L. Yang & L. Wang | 2004 | ||
| Laccaria araneosa H.J. Cho & Y.W. Lim | 2018 | ||
| Laccaria aurantia Popa, Rexer, Donges, Zhu L. Yang & G. Kost | 2014 | China[6] | |
| Laccaria avachaensis Kalamees | 1993 | ||
| Laccaria bella (Pers.) Cooke | 1884 | ||
 |
Laccaria bicolor (Maire) P.D. Orton | 1960 | North America |
| Laccaria bisporigera Contu & Ballero | 1993 | ||
| Laccaria bullipellis A.W. Wilson & G.M. Muell. | 2013 | ||
| Laccaria bullulifera Singer | 1965 | ||
| Laccaria caerulacea Dhanch., J.C. Bhatt & S.K. Pant | 1991 | ||
| Laccaria calosperma Beeli | 1933 | ||
| Laccaria calospora Singer | 1973 | ||
| Laccaria canaliculata (Sacc.) Massee | 1899 | ||
| Laccaria chibinensis Mikhailovskii | 1974 | Russia | |
| Laccaria cyanolamellata B.E. Lechner & J.E. Wright | 2006 | ||
| Laccaria echinospora (Speg.) Singer | 1943 | ||
| Laccaria edulis Bouriquet | 1946 | ||
| Laccaria fengkaiensis Fang Li | 2020 | ||
 |
Laccaria fibrillosa McNabb | 1972 | |
| Laccaria flavobrunnea Lebedeva | 1949 | ||
 |
Laccaria fraterna (Sacc.) Pegler | 1965 | |
| Laccaria fulvogrisea Popa, Rexer & G. Kost | 2014 | China[6] | |
| Laccaria galerinoides Singer | 1965 | ||
| Laccaria gibba (Singer) Pázmány | 1994 | ||
 |
Laccaria glabripes McNabb | 1972 | |
| Laccaria globosa Gardezi | 2005 | ||
| Laccaria gomezii Singer & G.M. Muell. | 1988 | ||
| Laccaria goossensiae (Beeli) Contu | 2003 | ||
| Laccaria griseolilacina H.J. Cho & Y.W. Lim | 2020 | ||
| Laccaria halosperma Beeli | 1933 | ||
| Laccaria himalayensis A.W. Wilson & G.M. Muell. | 2013 | ||
| Laccaria indohimalayana K. Das, I. Bera & Vizzini | 2019 | ||
| Laccaria japonica Popa & K. Nara | 2017 | Japan[7] | |
 |
Laccaria laccata (Scop.) Cooke | 1884 | |
 |
Laccaria lateritia Malençon | 1966 | |
| Laccaria lilacina G. Stev. | 1964 | ||
.jpg/120px-Laccaria_longipes_(4037786076).jpg) |
Laccaria longipes G.M. Muell. | 1991 | |
| Laccaria lutea (J.C. Buxb.) Ballero & Contu | 1989 | ||
| Laccaria macrobasidia H.J. Cho & Y.W. Lim | 2020 | ||
| Laccaria macrocystidiata (Migl. & Lavorato) Pázmány | 1994 | ||
_Singer_470610.jpg/120px-Laccaria_maritima_(Theodor.)_Singer_470610.jpg) |
Laccaria maritima (Theodor.) Singer ex Huhtinen | 1987 | |
 |
Laccaria masoniae G. Stev. | 1964 | |
| Laccaria montana Singer | 1973 | ||
| Laccaria moshuijun Popa & Zhu Liang Yang | 2017 | China[7] | |
| Laccaria murina S. Imai | 1938 | ||
| Laccaria negrimarginata A.W. Wilson & G.M. Muell. | 2013 | ||
| Laccaria nigra Hongo | 1959 | ||
 |
Laccaria nobilis A.H. Sm. | 1984 | |
| Laccaria oblongospora G.M. Muell. | 1984 | ||
_Peck_945853.jpg/120px-Laccaria_ochropurpurea_(Berk.)_Peck_945853.jpg) |
Laccaria ochropurpurea (Berk.) Peck | 1897 | |
| Laccaria ochrosquamulosa (Ballero & Contu) Pázmány | 1994 | ||
| Laccaria ohiensis (Mont.) Singer | 1947 | ||
| Laccaria olivaceogrisea Vellinga | 1987 | ||
 |
Laccaria paraphysata (McNabb) J.A. Cooper | 2014 | |
| Laccaria parva H.J. Cho & Y.W. Lim | 2018 | ||
| Laccaria prava Fang Li | 2020 | ||
| Laccaria proxima (Boud.) Pat. | 1887 | ||
 |
Laccaria proximella Singer | 1965 | |
| Laccaria pruinosipes (Vellinga) Pázmány | 1994 | ||
| Laccaria pseudomontana Osmundson, C.L. Cripps & G.M. Muell. | 2006 | ||
 |
Laccaria pumila Fayod | 1893 | |
.jpg/120px-Laccaria_purpureobadia_(43204226550).jpg) |
Laccaria purpureobadia D.A. Reid | 1966 | |
| Laccaria roseoalbescens T.J. Baroni, Montoya & Bandala | 2015 | ||
| Laccaria rubroalba X. Luo, L. Ye, P.E. Mortimer & K.D. Hyde | 2016 | ||
| Laccaria salmonicolor A.W. Wilson & G.M. Muell. | 2013 | ||
| Laccaria singeri Locq. & Sarwal | 1983 | ||
| Laccaria spodophora (Berk. & Broome) Cooke | 1884 | ||
| Laccaria squarrosa Bandala, Montoya & A. Ramos | 2017 | ||
| Laccaria stellata Popa & S.Y. Castillo | 2016 | ||
| Laccaria striatula (Peck) Peck | 1912 | ||
 |
Laccaria tetraspora Singer | 1947 | |
| Laccaria torosa H.J. Cho & Y.W. Lim | 2018 | ||
 |
Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke | 1884 | |
| Laccaria transilvanica Pázmány | 1991 | ||
| Laccaria trichodermophora G.M. Muell. | 1984 | ||
_Peck_712111.jpg/120px-Laccaria_trullisata_(Ellis)_Peck_712111.jpg) |
Laccaria trullisata (Ellis) Peck | 1912 | |
| Laccaria versiforma H.J. Cho & Y.W. Lim | 2018 | ||
| Laccaria versiformis H.J. Cho & Y.W. Lim | 2018 | ||
 |
Laccaria vinaceoavellanea Hongo | 1971 | |
 |
Laccaria vinaceobrunnea G.M. Muell. | 1984 | |
| Laccaria vinaceorosea Contu | 1998 | ||
| Laccaria vinosofusca (Berk. & Broome) Cooke | 1884 | ||
| Laccaria violaceibasis Contu & Fern. Sas. | 2003 | ||
 |
Laccaria violaceonigra G. Stev. | 1964 | |
| Laccaria violaceotincta K.P.D. Latha, K.N.A. Raj & Manim. | 2019 | ||
| Laccaria vulcanica (Singer ex Singer & J. Veselský) Pázmány | 1994 | ||
| Laccaria yunnanensis Popa, Rexer, Donges, Zhu L. Yang & G. Kost | 2014 | China[6] |
References
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. p. 357. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
Mueller GM. (1985). Numerical taxonomic analyses on Laccaria (Agaricales). Mycologia 77: 121-129.
Podila GK, Zheng J, Balasubramanian S, Sundaram S, Hiremath S, Brand JH, Hymes MJ. (2002). Fungal gene expression in early symbiotic interactions between Laccaria bicolor and red pine. Plant and Soil 244: 117–128.
Martin F, Selosse MA. (2008). The Laccaria genome: a symbiont blueprint decoded. New Phytologist 180(2):296-310.
Orr, Dorothy B.; Orr, Robert Thomas (1980). Mushrooms of Western North America (California Natural History Guides). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03660-3.
Popa F, Rexer K-H, Donges K, Yang ZL, Kost G (2014). "Three new Laccaria species from Southwest China (Yunnan)". Mycological Progress. 13 (4): 1105–1117. Bibcode:2014MycPr..13..998P. doi:10.1007/s11557-014-0998-7. S2CID 18566097.
Vincenot L, Popa F, Laso F, et al. (2017). "Out of Asia: Biogeography of fungal populations reveals Asian origin of diversification of the Laccaria amethystina complex, and two new species of violet Laccaria". Fungal Biology. 121 (11): 939–955. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2017.08.001. PMID 29029701.
External links
Media related to Laccaria at Wikimedia Commons
Mueller, Gregory M. (1984). "New North American species of Laccaria (Agaricales)". Mycotaxon. 20 (1): 101–116. (Archived at: CYBERLIBER: an Electronic Library for Mycology.)
Mueller, Gregory M. (1992). "Systematics of Laccaria (Agaricales) in the continental United States and Canada, with discussions on extralimital taxa and descriptions of extant types". Fieldiana Botany. 30: 1–158. ISSN 0015-0746. (Archived at: Archive.org.)
Mueller, Gregory M. (1997). "The mushroom genus Laccaria in North America". Archived from the original on 2009-03-17. Field Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2010-12-12.
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