Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Fungi
Subregnum: Dikarya
Divisio: Ascomycota
Subdivisio: Pezizomycotina
Classis: Arthoniomycetes
Ordo: Arthoniales
Familia: Arthoniaceae
Genus: Herpothallon
Species: H. adnatum – H. albidum – H. aurantiacoflavum – H. australasicum – H. biacidum – H. brialmonticum – H. cinereum – H. confluenticum – H. confusum – H. corallinum – H. echinatum – H. elegans – H. fertile – H. flavominutum – H. furfuraceum – H. globosum – H. granulare – H. granulosum – H. himalayanum – H. hypoprotocetraricum – H. hyposticticum – H. isidiatum – H. japonicum – H. minimum – H. mycelioides – H. nigroisidiatum – H. philippinum – H. pustulatum – H. queenslandicum – H. roseocinctum – H. rubrocinctoides – H. rubrocinctum – H. rubroechinatum – H. rubromaculatum
Name
Herpothallon Tobler, 1937
Type Species: Herpothallon sanguineum (Sw.) Tobler, 1937 = Cryptothecia rubrocincta (Souce: Index Fungorum)
References
Primary references
Tobler, Flora, Jena 131: 446 (1937)
Tobler, F. (1937) Über den Bau der Hymenolichenen und eine neue zu ihnen gehörende Gattung. - Flora (Regensburg)\Flora 131: 438–447. **[Mattick Rec. # 30269] - (Recent Literature on Lichens - Mattick No.)**
References
Jagadeesh Ram, T.A.M. and Sinha, G.P. (2009) New species and new records of Herpothallon (lichenized Ascomycota) from India. Mycotaxon 110: 37–42. **[RLL List # 217 / Rec.# 30960] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (Abstract)
Aptroot, A.; Thor, G.; Lücking, R.; Elix, J.A. and Chaves, J.L. (2009) The lichen genus Herpothallon reinstated. In: Aptroot, A.; Seaward, M.R.D. and Sparrius, L.B. (editors) - Biodiversity and ecology of lichens: liber amicorum Harrie Sipman. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 99: 19–66. (Source: Egan 2009) **[RLL List # 214 / Rec.# 30504] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (Band 99) (Source: Egan 2009)
Egan, R.S. (2009) Recent literature on lichens -- 214. The Bryologist 112(3): 634–650. **[RLL List # 216 / Rec.# 30711] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (doi: 10.1639/0007-2745-112.3.634)
Elix, John A. [From Flora of Australia volume 57 (2009)] - Discussion of the genus Herpothallon and key to species.
Links
Checklist of the Lichens of Australia and its Island Territories - H List
Genus Record Details
MycoBank
Vernacular names
Herpothallon is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Arthoniaceae. It has about 50 species.[2]
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed in 1930 by German lichenologist Friedrich Tobler, with Herpothallon sanguineum assigned as the type species. Tobler erroneously believed that the fungus was a member of the Basidiomycota.[3][4] After it was recognized as an ascolichen, it was referred to either Chiodecton (family Roccellaceae) or Cryptothecia (family Arthoniaceae).[5]
In 2009, Herpothallon was resurrected following a publication by André Aptroot, Göran Thor, Robert Lücking, and John Elix, in which they recognized 29 species worldwide.[6] The type species is now known as Herpothallon rubrocinctum,[7] or in the vernacular as the "Christmas lichen".[8]
Description
Herpothallon is characterized by the byssoid (a wispy or cottony texture) prothallus (i.e., the first purely fungal layer upon which an algae-containing thallus develops) and hypothallus (i.e., a growth of undifferentiated purely fungal mycelium present as a distinct layer on the underside of the thallus). The texture of the thallus is somewhat felt-like, and its form is heteromerous, meaning that more or less distinct tissues are present, in particular, the mycobiont and photobiont components occur in well-marked layers, with the photobiont in a more or less distinct zone between the upper cortex and the medulla. Another thallus feature common to all species is the felty pseudoisidia; these are isidia-like outgrowths that, unlike true isidia, lack internal differentiation and have no distinct cortex. The thallus also has pustules (blister-like elevations), and granules ranging in form and size from soredia-like to minute. The photobiont partner of the Herpothallon lichen is from Trentepohlia, a genus of green algae.[9] In Herpothallon, the asci do not develop in true ascomata. Only two members of the genus, H. fertile and H. inopinatum, are known to be fertile.[10]
Species
Herpothallon, not identified to species, in Amazonian Peru
As of July 2024, Species Fungorum accepts 49 species of Herpothallon.[11]
Herpothallon adnatum G.Thor (2009)[12]
Herpothallon alae Sipman (2018)[13] – Vanuatu
Herpothallon aurantiacoflavum (B.de Lesd.) Aptroot, Lücking & G.Thor (2009)[14]
Herpothallon australasicum (Elix) Elix & G.Thor (2009)[15]
Herpothallon biacidum Frisch, Elix & G.Thor (2010)[16] – Australia
Herpothallon brialmonticum Aptroot & Elix (2009)[17]
Herpothallon capilliferum P.F.Chen & L.L.Zhang (2022)[18] – China
Herpothallon cinereum G.Thor (2009)[17]
Herpothallon confluenticum Aptroot & Lücking (2009)[19]
Herpothallon confusum G.Thor (2009)[20]
Herpothallon corallinum G.Thor (2009)[21]
Herpothallon coralloides Jagad.Ram (2014)[22] – Andaman Islands
Herpothallon echinatum Aptroot, Lücking & Will-Wolf (2009)[23]
Herpothallon elegans G.Thor (2009)[24]
Herpothallon fertile Aptroot & Lücking (2009)[25]
Herpothallon flavominutum Jagad.Ram, G.P.Sinha & Elix (2009)[9] – India
Herpothallon furfuraceum G.Thor (2009)[26]
Herpothallon glaucescens L.L.Liu & Lu L.Zhang (2023)[27] – China
Herpothallon globosum G.Thor (2009)[28]
Herpothallon globuliferum Jagad.Ram (2014)[22] – Andaman Islands
Herpothallon granulare (Sipman) Aptroot & Lücking (2009)[29]
Herpothallon granulosum Jagad.Ram & G.P.Sinha (2009)[5] – India
Herpothallon himalayanum Jagad.Ram & G.P.Sinha (2009)[9] – India
Herpothallon hypoprotocetraricum G.Thor (2009)[29]
Herpothallon hyposticticum Bungartz & Elix (2013)[30] – Galápagos Islands
Herpothallon inopinatum Frisch & G.Thor (2014)[10] – Mexico
Herpothallon isidiatum Jagad.Ram & G.P.Sinha (2009)[5] – India
Herpothallon japonicum (Zahlbr.) G.Thor (2009)[31]
Herpothallon kigeziense Frisch & G.Thor (2013)[32] – Uganda
Herpothallon lilacinum L.L.Liu & Lu L.Zhang (2023)[27] – China
Herpothallon lutescens Jagad.Ram (2014)[22] – Andaman Islands
Herpothallon minimum Aptroot & Lücking (2009)[33]
Herpothallon minutum Jagad.Ram (2014)[22] – Andaman Islands
Herpothallon nigroisidiatum G.Thor (2009)[34]
Herpothallon philippinum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (2009)[35]
Herpothallon polyisidiatum P.F.Chen & L.L.Zhang (2022)[18] – China
Herpothallon psorpseudisidiatum Aptroot, L.A.Santos & M.Cáceres (2024)[36] – Brazil
Herpothallon purpureum Aptroot & M.F.Souza (2021)[37] – Brazil
Herpothallon pustulatum G.Thor (2009)[38]
Herpothallon queenslandicum (Elix) Elix (2009)[39]
Herpothallon roseocinctum (Fr.) Aptroot, Lücking & G.Thor (2009)[40]
Herpothallon rubrocinctoides (G.Thor) Aptroot, Lücking & G.Thor (2009)[41]
Herpothallon rubrocinctum (Ehrenb.) Aptroot, Lücking & G.Thor (2009)[42]
Herpothallon rubroechinatum Frisch & G.Thor (2010)[43]
Herpothallon rubromaculatum G.Thor (2009)[44]
Herpothallon saxorum Bungartz & Elix (2013)[30] – Galápagos Islands
Herpothallon subglobosum P.F.Chen & L.L.Zhang (2022)[18] – China
Herpothallon tomentosum L.L.Liu & Lu L.Zhang (2023)[27] – China
Herpothallon tricolor Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2017)
Herpothallon viridi-isidiatum P.F.Chen & L.L.Zhang (2022)[18] – China
Herpothallon weii Y.L.Cheng & H.Y.Wang (2012)[45] – China
References
"Synonymy: Herpothallon Tobler, Flora, Regensburg 131: 446 (1937)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:11336/151990.
Tobler, F. (1937). "Entwicklungsgeschichtliche". Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft (in German). 55: 158–164.
Tobler, F. (1937). "Über den Bau der Hymenolichenen and eine neue zu ihnen gehörende Gattung". Flora (in German). 131: 437–438.
Jagadeesh Ram, T.A.M.; Sinha, G.P.; Singh, K.P. (2009). "New species and new records of Cryptothecia and Herpothallon (Arthoniales) from India". The Lichenologist. 41 (6): 605–613. doi:10.1017/s0024282909008123.
Aptroot et al. 2009.
"Record Details: Herpothallon sanguineum (Sw.) Tobler, Flora, Regensburg 131: 447 (1937)". Index Fungorum. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
Brodo, Irwin M.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen (2001). Lichens of North America. Yale University Press. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-300-08249-4.
Jagadeesh Ram, T.A.M.; Sinha, G.P. (2009). "New species and new records of Herpothallon (lichenized Ascomycetes) from India". Mycotaxon. 110: 37–42. doi:10.5248/110.37.
Frisch, A.; Rudolphi, Jörgen; Thor, Göran (2014). "Herpothallon inopinatum (Arthoniaceae), a new lichen species from Mexico". Annales Botanici Fennici. 51 (1–2): 63–68. doi:10.5735/085.051.0108.
"Herpothallon". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 28.
Sipman, H.J.M. (2018). "Three new lichen species and 48 new records from Vanuatu" (PDF). Australasian Lichenology. 82: 106–129.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 31.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 33.
Frisch, Andreas; Elix, John A.; Thor, Göran (2010). "Herpothallon biacidum, a new lichen species from tropical Australia". The Lichenologist. 42 (3): 285–289. doi:10.1017/s0024282909990697.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 34.
Chen, Pengfei; Liu, Linlin; Xie, Congmiao; Zhang, Lulu (2022). "Four new species of Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetes, Ascomycota) from China". Phytotaxa. 536 (1): 83–91. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.5.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 35.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 36.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 37.
Jagadeesh Ram, T.A.M. (2014). "The genus Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae) in the Andaman Islands, India". The Lichenologist. 46 (1): 39–49. doi:10.1017/s0024282913000571.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 38.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 39.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 40.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 41.
Liu, Linlin; Zuo, Qijia; Xue, Junxia; Ren, Zhaojie; Zhang, Lulu (2023). "Three new species of Herpothallon (lichenized Ascomycota) from Southern China". Phytotaxa. 597 (4): 287–296. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.597.4.4.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 42.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 43.
Bungartz, Frank; Dután-Patiño, Valeria Leonor; Elix, John A. (2013). "The lichen genera Cryptothecia, Herpothallon and Helminthocarpon (Arthoniales) in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador". The Lichenologist. 45 (6): 739–762. doi:10.1017/s0024282913000522.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 44.
Frisch, Andreas; Thor, Göran; Sheil, Douglas (2014). "Four new Arthoniomycetes from Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda". Nova Hedwigia. 98: 295–312. doi:10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0155.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 53.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 55.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 56.
Aptroot, André; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva; Santos, Lidiane Alves dos (2024). "The taxonomy of sterile Arthoniaceae from Brazil: white crusts on overhanging tropical trees can be named". The Lichenologist. 56 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1017/S0024282924000021.
Aptroot, André; Souza, Maria Fernanda (2021). "New crustose lichens from a tropical coastal area in Paraná (Brazil)". Cryptogamie, Mycologie. 42 (12): 191–197. doi:10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2021v42a12.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 57.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 58.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 59.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 50.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 61.
Frisch, Andreas; Thor, Göran; Elix, John (2010). "Herpothallon rubroechinatum (Arthoniaceae), a new species from tropical and subtropical America". The Bryologist. 113 (1): 144–148. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-113.1.144.
Aptroot et al. 2009, p. 63.
Cheng, Yu-Liang; Ning, Jing; Xu, Hou-Ping; Zhang, Lu-Lu; Wang, Hai-Ying; Zhao, Zun-Tian (2012). "Herpothallon weii, a new lichen from China". Mycotaxon. 119: 439–443. doi:10.5248/119.439.
Cited literature
Aptroot, André; Thor, Göran; Lücking, Robert; Elix, John A.; Chaves, J.L. (2009). "The lichen genus Herpothallon reinstated". In Aptroot, André; Seaward, Mark R.D.; Sparrius, Laurens B. (eds.). Biodiversity and Ecology of Lichens: Liber Amicorum Harrie Sipman. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 99. J. Cramer. pp. 19–66. ISBN 978-3-443-58078-0.
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