Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Fungi
Subregnum: Dikarya
Divisio: Ascomycota
Subdivisio: Pezizomycotina
Classis: Arthoniomycetes
Ordo: Arthoniales
Familia: Chrysothricaceae
Genus: Chrysothrix
Species: C. candelaris – C. chamaecyparicola – C. chlorina – C. chrysophthalma – C. flavovirens – C. frischii – C. granulosa – C. insulizans – C. noli-tangere – C. occidentalis – C. oceanica – C. onokoensis – C. palaeophila – C. pavonii – C. placodioides – C. septemseptata – C. sulphurella – C. susquehannensis – C. tchupalensis – C. xanthina
Name
Chrysothrix Montagne, Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3 18: 312. (1852)
References
Primary references
Montagne, C. 1852. Diagnoses phycologicae seu quibus caracteribus discriminandae sunt species Lichenum Algarumque nonnullae novae, in tomo Florae Chilensis octavo nondum typis mandato descriptae. Annales des Sciences Naturelle, Botanique, Ser. 3, 18: 302–319. BHL Reference page.
Additional references
Elix, J.A., [From Flora of Australia volume 57 (2009)] - Discussion of Chrysothricaceae & Chrysothrix
Links
USDA Plants Database
Index Fungorum
MycoBank
Vernacular names
English: Dust lichens
日本語: コガネゴケ属, コヌカゴケ属
Chrysothrix is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Chrysotrichaceae.[3] They are commonly called gold dust lichens or sulfur dust lichens,[4]: 253 because they are bright yellow to greenish-yellow, sometimes flecked with orange, and composed entirely of powdery soredia.[5] Apothecia are never present in North American specimens.[5]
They grow on bark or rocks, generally in shaded habitats.[5] They can sometimes be mistaken for sterile specimens of Chaenotheca, which usually has pinhead apothecia on tiny stalks, or Psilolechia, which usually has small, bright yellow apothecia.[5] Chrysothrix chlorina was traditionally used as a brown dye for wool in Scandinavia.[6]
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by French botanist Camille Montagne in 1852, with Chrysothrix noli-tangere assigned as the type species.[7]
In 2012, Jack Laundon submitted a formal proposal to conserve the name Chrysothrix against Alysphaeria, published 25 years earlier than Chrysothrix, citing the need for "nomenclatural stability".[8] The proposal was accepted by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi in 2017, who noted that Chrysothrix was already conserved against Pulveraria.[9]
Species
Chrysothrix bergeri LaGreca (2020)[10] – southeastern United States; the Caribbean; Bermuda
Chrysothrix caesia (Flot.) Ertz & Tehler (2011)
Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) J.R.Laundon (1981)[11]
Chrysothrix chamaecyparicola Lendemer (2010)[12] – eastern North America
Chrysothrix chilensis D.Liu & J.-S Hur (2018)[13] – Chile
Chrysothrix chlorina (Ach.) J.R.Laundon (1981)[11]
Chrysothrix chrysophthalma (P.James) P.James & J.R.Laundon (1981)[11]
Chrysothrix citrinella Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2017)
Chrysothrix fagicola Malíček & Vondrák (2023)[14] – Europe
Chrysothrix flavovirens Tønsberg (1994)[15]
Chrysothrix frischii Kalb (2001)[16]
Chrysothrix galapagoana K.Knudsen & Bungartz (2013)[17]
Chrysothrix granulosa G.Thor (1988)[18] – South America
Chrysothrix insulizans R.C.Harris & Ladd (2008)[19]
Chrysothrix noli-tangere (Mont.) Mont. (1852)
Chrysothrix occidentalis Elix & Kantvilas (2007)[20] – Australia
Chrysothrix oceanica Räsänen (1944)[21]
Chrysothrix onokoensis (Wolle) R.C.Harris & Ladd (2008)[19]
Chrysothrix palaeophila Kantvilas & Elix (2007)[20] – Australia
Chrysothrix pavonii (Fr.) J.R.Laundon (1981)[11]
Chrysothrix placodioides G.Thor (1988)[18] – South America
Chrysothrix septemseptata Jagad.Ram, Lumbsch, Lücking & G.P.Sinha (2006)[22] – India
Chrysothrix susquehannensis Lendemer & Elix (2010)[12] – eastern North America
Chrysothrix tchupalensis Elix & Kantvilas (2007)[20] – Australia
Chrysothrix xanthina (Vain.) Kalb (2001)
References
"Synonymy: Chrysothrix Mont., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3 18: 312 (1852)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
May, Tom W. (2017). "Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi: 20". Taxon. 66 (2): 483–495. doi:10.12705/662.15.
Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:11336/151990.
Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-300-19500-2
Brodo, I. M., S. D. Sharnoff, and S. Sharnoff. 2001. Lichens of North America. Yale University Press: New Haven. ISBN 0-300-08249-5
Uphof, J. C. T. 1959. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Hafner Publishing Co.: New York.
Montagne, J.P.F.C. (1852). "Diagnoses Phycologiae". Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique (in French). 18: 302–319.
Laundon, Jack Rodney (2012). "(2100) Proposal to conserve Chrysothrix, nom. cons., against an additional name, Alysphaeria (lichenised Ascomycota)". Taxon. 61 (6): 1321. JSTOR 24389118.
May, Tom W. (2017). "Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi — 20". IMA Fungus. 8 (1): 189–203. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2017.08.01.12.
LaGreca, Scott (2020). "Chrysothrix bergeri (Ascomycota: Arthoniales: Chrysothricaceae), a new lichen species from the southeastern United States, the Caribbean, and Bermuda". Plant and Fungal Systematics. 65 (2): 509–514. doi:10.35535/pfsyst-2020-0029.
Laundon, J.R. (1981). "The species of Chrysothrix". The Lichenologist. 13 (2): 101–121. doi:10.1017/s0024282981000169.
Lendemer, J.C.; Elix, J.A. (2010). "Two new species of Chrysothrix from eastern North America". Opuscula Philolichenum. 8: 51–58.
Dong, Liu; Soon-Ok, Oh; Jung-Shin, Park; Jae-Seoun, Hur (2018). "New species and new record of genus Chrysothrix (Chrysotrichaceae, Arthoniales) from South Korea and Chile". Mycobiology. 46 (3): 185–191. doi:10.1080/12298093.2018.1509511. PMC 6171421. PMID 30294478.
Vondrák, Jan; Svoboda, Stanislav; Košnar, Jiří; Malíček, Jiří; Šoun, Jaroslav; Frolov, Ivan; Svensson, Måns; Novotný, Petr; Palice, Zdeněk (2023). "Martin7: a reference database of DNA barcodes for European epiphytic lichens and its taxonomic implications" (PDF). Preslia. 95 (3): 311–345. doi:10.23855/preslia.2023.311.
Tønsberg, T. (1994). "Chrysothrix flavovirens sp. nov. – the sorediate counterpart of C. chrysophthalma" (PDF). Graphis Scripta. 6 (1): 31–33.
Kalb, K. (2001). "New or otherwise interesting lichens. I". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 78: 141–167.
Knudsen, Kerry; Bungartz, Frank (2013). "Chrysothrix galapagoana, a new species from the Galapagos Islands". Opuscula Philolichenum. 12: 174–179.
Thor, Göran (1988). "Two new species of Chrysothrix from South America". The Bryologist. 91 (4): 360–363. doi:10.2307/3242777. JSTOR 3242777.
Harris, R.C.; Ladd, D. (2008). "The lichen genus Chrysothrix in the Ozark Ecoregion including a preliminary treatment for eastern and central North America". Opuscula Philolichenum. 5: 29–42.
Elix, John A.; Kantvilas, Gintaras (2007). "The genus Chrysothrix in Australia". The Lichenologist. 39 (4): 361–369. doi:10.1017/s0024282907006998.
Räsänen, V. (1944). "Lichenes novi I". Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae "Vanamo". 20 (3): 1–34.
Jagadeesh Ram, T.A.M.; Sinha, G.P.; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H.Thorsten (2006). "A new species of Chrysothrix (Arthoniales: Arthoniaceae) from India". The Lichenologist. 38 (2): 127–129. doi:10.1017/s0024282906005792.
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