Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Fungi
Subregnum: Dikarya
Divisio: Ascomycota
Subdivisio: Pezizomycotina
Classis: Lecanoromycetes
Subclassis: Ostropomycetidae
Ordo: Pertusariales
Familia: Megasporaceae
Genus: Aspicilia
Species: A. abbasiana – A. albomarginata – A. alboradiata – A. alexanderi – A. aliena – A. americana – A. anglica – A. annulata – A. anseris – A. aquatica – A. arctica – A. arizonica – A. aschabadensis – A. aspicilioidea – A. aurantiaca – A. berntii – A. bicensis – A. boykinii – A. brucei – A. caesiascens – A. caesiopruinosa – A. californica – A. candida – A. cernohorskyana – A. cheresina – A. cinerea – A. cingulata – A. circularis – A. composita – A. concinna – A. confusa – A. conglomerans – A. contigua – A. coronata – A. cuprea – A. curvabilis – A. cyanescens – A. determinata – A. disserpens – A. dominiana – A. elevata – A. endochlora – A. epiglypta – A. farinosa – A. filiformis – A. fimbriata – A. fluviatilis – A. fumosa – A. glaucopsina – A. granulosa – A. grisea – A. guadalupensis – A. hedinii – A. heteroplaca – A. humboldtii – A. humida – A. insolata – A. karelica – A. knudsenii – A. laevata – A. laxula – A. leprosescens – A. lesleyana – A. limitata – A. mansourii – A. mastoidea – A. mastrucata – A. mazarina – A. melanaspis – A. moenium – A. montana – A. narssaquensis – A. nashii – A. nathorstii – A. nigromaculata – A. nordlandica – A. novae-semliae – A. obscurata – A. olivaceobrunnea – A. pacifica – A. pergibbosa – A. perradiata – A. pertusa – A. phaea – A. plicigera – A. polychroma – A. praecrenata – A. praeradiosa – A. praeruptorum – A. pseudoabbasiana – A. pseudovulcanica – A. quartzitica – A. radiosa – A. recedens – A. reptans – A. rolleana – A. rosulata – A. ryrkaipiae – A. santamonicae – A. scabrida – A. serpentinicola – A. simoënsis – A. sipeana – A. sorediza – A. subcircinata – A. subconfluens – A. subdepressa – A. subepiglypta – A. subgeographica – A. subgoettweigensis – A. sublapponica – A. submamillata – A. submersa – A. subplicigera – A. subradians – A. substictica – A. supertegens – A. tenuis – A. terrestris – A. tuberculosa – A. uxoris – A. verrucigera – A. vulcanica – A. zonata
Name
Aspicilia A.Massal., 1852
Family: Megasporaceae (from Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
Type: Aspicilia cinerea (L.) Körber
Synonyms
Chlorangium Link, 1849, nomen rejiciendum
Sagedia Ach., K. Vetensk-Acad. Nya Handl. 30: 164 (1809), Nom. rejic. against Aspicilia A. Massal. 1852
Type Species: Sagedia zonata Ach. 1809
References
Massalongo, A.B. (1852) Ricerche sull'autonomia dei licheni crostosi e materiali pella loro naturale ordinazione. Tip. Frizerio\Verona. xiv, 2-207 pp. (Aspicilia: p. 36)
Magnusson, A.H. (1939) Studies in species of Lecanora mainly the Aspicilia gibbosa group. Kgl. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. ser. 3, 17, 5: 1-182.
Clauzade, G. and Roux, C. (1984) Les genres Aspicilia Massal. et Bellemerea Hafellner et Roux. Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, nouv. sér. 15: 127-141.
Nordin, A., Tibell, L. and Owe-Larsson, B. (2007) A preliminary phylogeny of Aspicilia in relation to morphological and secondary product variation. - In: A. Frisch, U. Lange and B. Staiger: Lichenologische Nebenstunden. Contributions to Lichen Taxonomy and Ecology in Honour of Klaus Kalb. Bibliotheca Lichenologica No. 96. J. Cramer in der Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin-Stuttgart, pp. 247-266.
Owe-Larsson, B., Nordin, A. and Tibell, L. (2007) Aspicilia (pp. 61-108) In: Nash III, T.H., Gries, C., and Bungartz, F. (eds.), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 3. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 567 pages.
Oxner, Nov. sist. Niz. Rast., 1964 9: 286 (1972)
Oxner, A.N. (1972) Combinationes taxonomicaeac nomina specierum Aspiciliae novae. Novitates Systematicae Plantarum non Vascularium, Acad. Sci. URSS, Inst. Bot. nomine V. L. Komarovii 9: 286–292.
Oksner apud Kopaczevskaja et al., Opredelitel lishatnikov SSSR Vypusk [Handbook of Lichen of the U.S.S.R.] (Leningrad) 1: 211 (1971)
Kopaczevskaja, E.G., Makarevich, M.F., Oxner, A.N. and Rassadina, K.A. (1971) Hankbook of the Lichens of the USSR. 1. Pertusariaceae, Lecanoraceae, and Parmeliaceae. Izdatl'stvo "Nauka, " Leningrad. 410 pp.
Thomson, J.W. (1997) American Arctic Lichens 2. The Microlichens. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, 675 pp.
Recent Literature on Lichens and Mattick's Literature Index
(USDA Plants Database)
Vernacular names
English: Sunken disk lichens; Rimmed lichens
suomi: Kiventierat
日本語: クボミゴケ属
Aspicilia (sunken disk lichen) is a genus of mostly crustose areolate lichens that grow on rock. Most members have black apothecia discs that are slightly immersed in the areolas, hence the common name"[1]: 223 Given the same reason, the naming of Aspicilia is derived from the Greek word for "shield concave".[2]
Most of the species of this genus grow on calcareous and acidic rocks and most of the taxa prefer temperate and arctic habitats.
Some members of the genus Aspicilia are pioneer species on granite and other hard rock, after which members of other lichen species may grow on them, such as members of Acarospora.[3]
Description
Members of this genus are weakly cracked to distinctly areolate, with a scattered to whole thalli. Some of the species of this genus are disc-shaped with plicate lobes at the circumference; these lobes may appear chalky white, grayish, greenish or brownish. Some possess vegetative means of propagation such as isidia (column-like structures of fungal and algal cells normally found on the top-side or outer cortex of the lichen) and soredia (structures that produce soralia, granule-like masses of intertwined fungal and algal cells occurring on top of the cortex and on the margins).
They have characteristic ascomata which are mostly immersed but occasionally emergent. They have 4 to 8 spored asci that are cylindrical to club-shaped. Their ascospores are typically ellipsoid to globose in shape, colorless and thin-walled. They often contain β-orcinol depsidones (secondary metabolites of lichens) such as norstictic acid and stictic acids; others have fatty acids or triterpenes. In genus Aspicilia dramatic changes in growth forms are very common, and some taxa may display extreme transitions within the same population or even changes within the same thallus.[4]
Classification
Previously placed in the family Hymeneliaceae, phylogenetic analyses indicate that the genus is better placed in the family Megasporaceae.[5]
Species
As of October 2021, Species Fungorum accepts 70 species of Aspicilia.[6]
Aspicilia abbasiana S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös, Ismayil & S.Y.Guo (2016)
Aspicilia albosparsa (Werner) S.Y.Kondr. (2002)
Aspicilia angelica Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)
Aspicilia aquatica (Fr.) Körb. (1855)
Aspicilia arizonica Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)
Aspicilia armeniaca (Werner) S.Y.Kondr. (2002)
Aspicilia aurantiaca Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)
Aspicilia auricularis (Werner) S.Y.Kondr. (2002)
Aspicilia berntii A.Nordin, Tibell & Owe-Larss. (2008)
Aspicilia bicensis F.Anderson & Lendemer (2016)
Aspicilia blastidiata Paukov, A.Nordin & Tibell (2015)
Aspicilia boykinii Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)
Aspicilia brucei Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)
Aspicilia calcitrapa Cl.Roux & A.Nordin (2011
Aspicilia californica Rosentr. (1998
Aspicilia candida (Anzi) Hue (1912)
Aspicilia cinerea (L.) Körb. (1855)
Aspicilia confusa Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)
Aspicilia corallophora (Poelt) Hafellner & Türk (2001)
Aspicilia cuprea Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (2007)
Aspicilia cyanescens Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (2007)
Aspicilia desertorum (Kremp.) Mereschk. (1911)
Aspicilia dubertretii (Werner) S.Y.Kondr. (2002)
Aspicilia endochlora (Hook. f. & Taylor) C.W.Dodge (1948)
Aspicilia epiglypta (Norrl. ex Nyl.) Hue (1912)
Aspicilia euphratica (Werner) S.Y.Kondr. (2002)
Aspicilia expansa (Lynge) Alstrup & E.S.Hansen (2001)
Aspicilia fluviatilis A.Nordin & Owe-Larss. (2010)
Aspicilia fruticulosofoliacea (Elenkin) Sohrabi (2010)
Aspicilia fumosa Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)
Aspicilia granulosa A.Nordin (2010)
Aspicilia grisea Arnold (1891)
Aspicilia guadalupensis Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)
Aspicilia humida Lee (2022)[7] – South Korea
Aspicilia knudsenii Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)
Aspicilia laevata (Ach.) Arnold (1887)
Aspicilia major (Lynge) Øvstedal (2009)[8] – Falkland Islands
Aspicilia nashii Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)
Aspicilia niesenensis (H.Magn.) Hafellner (2018)
Aspicilia ochromelaena (Zahlbr.) J.C.Wei (1991)
Aspicilia olivaceobrunnea Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)
Aspicilia olivaceopallida (H.Magn.) Lendemer (2013)
Aspicilia pacifica Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)
Aspicilia peltastictoides (Hasse) K.Knudsen & Kocourk. (2013)
Aspicilia persica (Müll.Arg.) Sohrabi (2008)
Aspicilia phaea Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)
Aspicilia prestensis Cl.Roux & A.Nordin (2011)
Aspicilia pseudoabbasiana S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2016)
Aspicilia pseudovulcanica S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2016)
Aspicilia punctiformis (Lynge) Øvstedal (2009)
Aspicilia reagens (Zahlbr.) Cl.Roux & M.Bertrand (2016)
Aspicilia santamonicae Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)
Aspicilia serpentinicola Suza ex A.Nordin (2013)
Aspicilia sipeana (H. Magn.) Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)
Aspicilia stalagmitica Paukov & Davydov (2020)
Aspicilia straussii (J.Steiner) Sohrabi (2008)
Aspicilia subcaesia J.C.Wei (1991)
Aspicilia subdepressa Arnold (1869)
Aspicilia subepiglypta S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2016)
Aspicilia subfarinosa (J.Steiner) Şenkard. & Sohrabi (2011)
Aspicilia subgeographica S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2016)
Aspicilia subgoettweigensis S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2016)
Aspicilia submamillata S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2016)
Aspicilia substerilis Sipman (2007)
Aspicilia substictica Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)
Aspicilia taurica (Mereschk.) Hafellner (2004)
Aspicilia tuberculosa (Ach.) J.R.Laundon (1986)
Aspicilia verrucigera Hue (1912)
Gallery
References
Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-300-19500-2
"Consortium of Lichen Herbaria - Aspicilia". lichenportal.org. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
ACAROPSPORA, Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 3., Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bugartz, F., (eds.) 2001, [1]
Weber WA. (1967). "Environmental modification in crustose lichens. II. Fruticosa growth forms in Aspicilia". Aquilo. Ser. Bot. 6: 43–51.
Schmitt I, Yamamoto Y, Lumbsch HT (2006). "Phylogeny of Pertusariales (Ascomycotina): Resurrection of Ochrolechiaceae and new circumscription of Megasporaceae". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory. 100: 753–64.
Source dataset. Species Fungorum Plus: Species Fungorum for CoL+. "Aspicilia". Catalog of Life Version 2021-09-21. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
Lee, Beeyoung Gun; Shin, Hyun Tak; Hur, Jae-Seoun (2022). "A new lichen-forming fungus, Aspicilia humida, from a forested wetland in South Korea, with a taxonomic key for aspicilioid species of Korea". Mycobiology. 50 (1): 20–29. doi:10.1080/12298093.2021.2021642. PMC 8890562. PMID 35291595.
Fryday, Alan M.; Wheeler, Timothy B.; Etayo, Javier (2021). "A new species of Aspicilia (Megasporaceae), with a new lichenicolous Sagediopsis (Adelococcaceae), from the Falkland Islands". The Lichenologist. 53 (4): 307–315. doi:10.1017/S0024282921000244.
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