Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Fungi
Subregnum: Dikarya
Divisio: Basidiomycota
Subdivisio: Agaricomycotina
Classis: Agaricomycetes
Subclassis: Agaricomycetidae
Ordo: Agaricales
Subordo: Agaricineae
Familia: Agaricaceae
Genus: Arachnion
Species: A. alborosellum – A. album – A. bovista – A. drummondii – A. firmoderma – A. foetens – A. iriemae – A. iulii – A. lazoi – A. lloydianum – A. rufum – A. scleroderma – A. setosum
Name
Arachnion Schwein., 1822
Type Species: Arachnion album Schwein., 1822
Synonyms
Scoleciocarpus Berk., London J. Bot. 2: 420 bis (1843)
References
Primary references
Schweinitz, L.D. von. 1822. Synopsis fungorum Carolinae superioris. Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Leipzig. 1:2-131
Links
Index Fungorum: IF 19017
MycoBank: MB 19017
Arachnion is a genus of gasteroid fungi in the family Agaricaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by Lewis David von Schweinitz in 1822 with Arachnion album as the type, and only species.[3] The genus name is Greek for "cobweb".
William Chambers Coker and John Nathaniel Couch circumscribed the family Arachniaceae in 1928 to contain Arachnion.[4] The genus was later placed in the now-defunct family Lycoperdaceae.[5] Modern molecular analysis has shown that Arachnion, as well as other puffball genera, are part of the family Agaricaceae.[6]
Description
Arachnion species have a characteristic gleba, resembling a mass of grainy, sand-like particles. At a microscopic scale, the granules are peridioles, or tiny sacs made of hyphae that contain spores. Inside each sac is a minuscule chamber that contains inward-facing basidia (spore-bearing cells), an arrangement similar to that seen in Lycoperdon. The fruitbodies have a smooth, thin, and fragile peridium that readily disintegrates into small pieces in maturity to expose the granular contents.[4]
Distribution
The genus is widely distributed, with species found in Australia, North and South America, South Africa, and Europe, and Japan.[7]
Species
As of January 2016, Index Fungorum accepts 11 species in Arachnion:[8]
Arachnion alborosellum Verwoerd 1926 – South Africa[9]
Arachnion album Schwein. 1822[3]
Arachnion bovista (Mont.) Mont. 1849[10]
Arachnion firmoderma Verwoerd 1926 – South Africa[9]
Arachnion foetens Speg. 1906 – South America[11]
Arachnion iriemae Rick 1961
Arachnion iulii Quadr. 1996 – Italy[12]
Arachnion lazoi Demoulin 1972[13]
Arachnion lloydianum Demoulin 1972[13]
Arachnion rufum Lloyd 1906[14]
Arachnion scleroderma Lloyd 1915[15]
See also
List of Agaricaceae genera
List of Agaricales genera
References
Berkeley MJ. (1843). "Enumeration of fungi, collected by Herr Zeyher in Uitenhage". London Journal of Botany. 2: 507–527.
"Synonymy: Arachnion Schwein". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2014-10-25.
von Schweinitz LD. (1822). "Synopsis fungorum Carolinae superioris" (in Latin). 1: 20–131 (see p. 59). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Johnson MM, Coker WS, Couch JN (1974) [First published 1928]. The Gasteromycetes of the Eastern United States and Canada. New York, New York: Dover Publications. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-486-23033-7.
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, David JC, Stalpers JA (2001). Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi (9th ed.). Oxon, UK: CABI Bioscience. ISBN 978-0-85199-377-5.
Trierveiler-Pereira L, Kreisel H, Baseia IG (2010). "New data on puffballs (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) from the Northeast Region of Brazil". Mycotaxon. 111: 411–421. doi:10.5248/111.411.
Kasuya T, Orihara T, Fukiharu T, Yoshimi S (2006). "A lycoperdaceous fungus, Arachnion album (Agaricales, Arachniaceae), newly found in Japan". Mycoscience. 47 (6): 385–387. doi:10.1007/s10267-006-0316-6. S2CID 84744299.
Kirk PM. "Species Fungorum (version 23rd December 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 2016-01-14.
Verwoerd L. (1926). "Addisionele beskrywings van enkele Suid-Afrikaanse Gasteromycetes" (PDF). South African Journal of Science. 23: 290–294.
Montagne JPFC. (1849). "Sixièmes Centurie de plantes cellulaires nouvelles, tant indigènes qu'exotiques. Décades III à VI". Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique (in French). 11: 33–66.
Spegazzini C. (1906). "Mycetes Argentinenses (series III)". Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Buenos Aires. 16 (9): 25–33.
Quadraccia L. (1996). "Studies on Italian Gasteromycetes. I. Two new species of Arachnion and Radiigera (Basidiomycotina, Lycoperdales) from Rome and its environs". Mycotaxon. 58: 331–341.
Demoulin V. (1972). "Observations sur le genre Arachnion Schw. (Gasteromycetes)". Nova Hedwigia (in French). 21: 641–655.
Lloyd CG. (1906). "Mycological Notes 21". Mycological Writiings. 2 (21): 245–260.
Lloyd CG. (1915). "Mycological Notes 39". Mycological Writings. 4: 525–540.
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